美国国家公共电台 NPR--Supreme Court's ICWA ruling is a major victory for Native American rights

Supreme¹ Court's ICWA ruling is a major victory for Native American rights

Transcript²

NPR's Leila Fadel talks to Tehassi Hill, chair of the Oneida Nation in Wisconsin, about the U.S. Supreme Court's decision to uphold the Indian Child Welfare Act.

LEILA FADEL, HOST:

The U.S. Supreme Court delivered an unexpected win for Native American nations yesterday. By a 7-2 vote, the court rejected challenges to the Indian Child Welfare Act. The 1978 law is intended to help keep Native American adoptees with their nation. The lead plaintiffs, a white couple seeking to adopt a second Navajo child, argued the law promoted racial discrimination. Joining us now is Tehassi Hill, chairman for the Oneida Nation in Wisconsin. It's among the five nations involved in the case.

Good morning.

TEHASSI HILL: Good morning. Thank you.

FADEL: So when you heard the decision, what was your initial reaction?

HILL: I was quite excited, a little bit emotional, to tell you the truth - very strong case to have this type of decision on.

FADEL: You said you got emotional. If you could, just explain what this Supreme Court decision means for your nation and other Native nations.

HILL: Yeah. You know, first of all, it's really about the protection of our families and our children, especially those in the most need when they're facing having their families separated. And so having these guidelines in place are really helpful for tribal³ nations to maintain our culture and our identity through our children.

FADEL: Yeah. As I mentioned, the lead plaintiffs claimed the law promoted racial discrimination. And the five nations involved in the case argued they're political entities⁴, not racial groups. If you could, break down the important distinction here.

HILL: Yes, definitely. So tribal nations across this country have treaties with the federal government. And that has been kind of the long-standing standard of identifying that these are political interactions and not racial interactions. And so with that, I guess, long-standing history on our side, that tribes are political in nature, not racial in nature, has really been kind of the main point of the case.

FADEL: If we could, talk about the origins of this law. It was enacted⁵ nearly 50 years ago, really, to protect Native kids at a time when massive numbers of children were being removed from their homes, often forcibly, and placed outside of their communities. What kind of harm did that do to children, their families and to Native nations?

HILL: Yeah, definitely. You know, for the children, it was really a loss of identity and cultural connection. And we find that - you know, that that's very important for the development of the child and also the continuation of our nations across the country, is that cultural connection with our children to pass along our stories and our heritage and our language. And so, you know, the previous federal policy was to, you know, do away with Indians. And so this reversal with this ICWA really helped tribes in the long run be able to maintain that cultural connection and that continuity of government.

FADEL: Explain that importance, of keeping Native children, when for some reason they can't be with their families, they need to be adopted or put in foster care, to keep them within their nations.

HILL: Yeah, it's really about, you know, relaying the importance and the culture and the identity for each of the tribal nations across this country. And it's really, you know, the basis for our nations. And so that cultural, I guess, competency and/or language and culture is very important to our tribal nations. And trying to make sure that we maintain that is kind of paramount⁶, is - that's really, you know, one of the distinguishers between our tribal nations.

FADEL: Tehassi Hill is chairman for the Oneida Nation in Wisconsin.

Thank you for your time.

HILL: Thank you. Very happy to be here.

1 supreme   

adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的

参考例句：

• It was the supreme moment in his life.那是他一生中最重要的时刻。
• He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。

2 transcript   

n.抄本，誊本，副本，肄业证书

参考例句：

• A transcript of the tapes was presented as evidence in court.一份录音带的文字本作为证据被呈交法庭。
• They wouldn't let me have a transcript of the interview.他们拒绝给我一份采访的文字整理稿。

3 tribal   

adj.部族的，种族的

参考例句：

• He became skilled in several tribal lingoes.他精通几种部族的语言。
• The country was torn apart by fierce tribal hostilities.那个国家被部落间的激烈冲突弄得四分五裂。

4 entities   

实体对像； 实体，独立存在体，实际存在物( entity的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Our newspaper and our printing business form separate corporate entities. 我们的报纸和印刷业形成相对独立的企业实体。
• The North American continent is made up of three great structural entities. 北美大陆是由三个构造单元组成的。

5 enacted   

制定（法律），通过（法案）( enact的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• legislation enacted by parliament 由议会通过的法律
• Outside in the little lobby another scene was begin enacted. 外面的小休息室里又是另一番景象。 来自英汉文学 - 嘉莉妹妹

6 paramount   

a.最重要的，最高权力的

参考例句：

• My paramount object is to save the Union and destroy slavery.我的最高目标是拯救美国，摧毁奴隶制度。
• Nitrogen is of paramount importance to life on earth.氮对地球上的生命至关重要。