新西兰英语 344 GST increase

　　On October 1st, GST will increase from 12.5% to 15%. This is a 2.2% increase. At the same time, we will have tax cuts on our pay. Benefits¹ will also increase a little to help with the higher GST. Listen to May 20th 2010 for more about tax cuts and the GST increase.
The Labour Party wanted no GST on fresh fruit and vegetables which would help people on low incomes and would also encourage healthy eating. However, the government has decided² that GST will go on everything. This is much simpler for businesses like supermarkets.
Businesses cannot increase products by too much or they will be fined. We can expect increases for most things although it is difficult to add 2.2% to $3.50 for a cup of coffee or $5 for a hamburger. In New Zealand, the price that is shown must include the GST. $3.58 for a cup of coffee or $5.11 for a hamburger would be a nuisance³. Restaurants can keep some things the same price but increase others by more than 2.2%; for example they can keep long black coffee at $3.50 but increase a latte to $4 which is an increase of 14%.
One thing that will go up by more than 2.2% is the price of petrol. This is because an extra 3c a litre⁴ tax is added⁵ from Oct 1st. At the moment, petrol is about $1.74 a litre for regular petrol. That will increase 7 cents to $1.84.
Questions
What is the difference between the following: increase by, increase from, increase to, an increase of? Can you make sentences using these? Find how they are used in the text.
Do you think GST is a fair way to tax people?
Do you think GST should be added to everything?

1 benefits   

n.津贴费；利益( benefit的名词复数 )；（给职工的）奖金；救济金；益处

参考例句：

• economic benefits accruing to the country from tourism 旅游业为该国带来的经济效益
• The article enthused about the benefits that the new system would bring. 本文热情赞扬了新制度将带来的好处。

2 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

3 nuisance   

n.讨厌的东西，讨厌的人

参考例句：

• The dog is a terrible nuisance.这只狗真令人讨厌。
• What a horrid nuisance!真讨厌！

4 litre   

n. 升； 公升(容量单位) (美liter)

参考例句：

• This bottle holds one litre.这个瓶子装得下一升。
• He drank off a whole litre of beer all at once.他一口气喝完了一升啤酒。

5 added   

adj.更多的，附加的，额外的

参考例句：

• They have added a new scene at the beginning.在开头他们又增加了一场戏。
• The pop music added to our enjoyment of the film.片中的流行音乐使我们对这部电影更加喜爱。