新西兰英语 516 Credit Rating Downgrade

 　　Two rating agencies, Standard and Poor’s (S & P) and Fitch downgraded New Zealand’s credit rating from AA+ to AA. This is the first downgrade in 13 years. A credit rating gives some idea of whether the economy is stable and whether the government can pay back debt. The credit rating for Greece at the moment is CCC.

　　The reasons they gave for downgrading New Zealand to AA were the high foreign debt, high household debt, agriculture debt, insufficient¹ export earnings², the cost of rebuilding Christchurch after the earthquake, and the cost of superannuation with an ageing population. 65 is still the age when retired³ people can receive superannuation but in some countries, this age has increased to 66 or even higher.

　　As a result of the downgrade, the government can expect to pay higher interest rates for borrowing money from overseas and we can expect mortgage interest rates for homes to increase. The Kiwi dollar dropped one cent against the US dollar on Friday to 76.5c.

　　The Labour Party said that the government has not done enough to improve the economy. The Minister of Finance, Bill English, said the downgrade was partly because of the economic problems in the rest of the world which affect all countries including New Zealand.

　　Vocabulary

　　rating – a mark to show how good something is; it is similar to a grade

　　downgrade is to drop a grade or drop a mark

　　stable – not changing, staying the same, reliable

　　insufficient – not enough

　　ageing – growing older

　　mortgage – a loan to buy a house

　　affect – (verb) – influence; effect is usually a noun and means a result

　　Pronunciation

　　Debt has a silent ‘b’.

　　Mortgage has a silent ‘t’.

　　Questions

　　We have an election on November 26th. Do you think the economy will be an important matter for voters?

　　The government plans to sell some assets to pay off foreign debt. The Labour Party, on the other hand, is not in favour of selling assets and wants a capital gains tax. The Labour Party would also increase taxes for wealthy people. What do you think?

1 insufficient   

adj.(for，of)不足的，不够的

参考例句：

• There was insufficient evidence to convict him.没有足够证据给他定罪。
• In their day scientific knowledge was insufficient to settle the matter.在他们的时代，科学知识还不能足以解决这些问题。

2 earnings   

n.工资收人；利润，利益，所得

参考例句：

• That old man lives on the earnings of his daughter.那个老人靠他女儿的收入维持生活。
• Last year there was a 20% decrease in his earnings.去年他的收入减少了20%。

3 retired   

adj.隐退的，退休的，退役的

参考例句：

• The old man retired to the country for rest.这位老人下乡休息去了。
• Many retired people take up gardening as a hobby.许多退休的人都以从事园艺为嗜好。