美国有线新闻 CNN 古巴政府宣布重大经济改革 将大幅放宽私营经济

CARL AZUZ, CNN 10 ANCHOR: Changes are coming to the communist nation of Cuba and why that's significant is the first story we're explaining this Wednesday. I'm Carl Azuz. Welcome to our viewers watching worldwide. The Caribbean country that's 90 miles away from U.S. soil has a turbulent history. In the 20th century, Cuba went from being controlled by one dictator to being controlled by another.

CNN10分钟新闻主持人卡尔·阿祖兹：社会主义国家古巴将迎来改变，本周三首则消息来解释一下其重要性。我是卡尔·阿祖兹。欢迎全球观众收看节目。距离美国本土90英里的加勒比国家古巴有着动荡的历史。在20世纪，古巴结束了一个独裁者的统治后，又开始了另一个独裁者的统治。

Fidel Castro, who led the revolution to overthrow¹ Cuba's government in 1959 aligned² his country with the communist Soviet³ Union. Cuba became a communist country itself. Its government took control of private businesses and all aspects of Cuban life. That, combined with the Cuban governments human rights abuses soured relations with the democratic United States.

1959年，菲德尔·卡斯特罗领导了推翻古巴政府的革命，使古巴与社会主义国家苏联结盟。古巴自身也成为了社会主义国家。古巴政府控制着私营企业和古巴生活的各个方面。而且，古巴政府还有侵犯人权的行为，这些都导致了该国与民主美国关系的恶化。

It put a trade embargo⁴ on Cuba limiting American's ability to do business with the communist country and pressuring Cuba to make democratic reforms.

美国对古巴实行贸易禁运，限制美国公民与古巴的生意往来，并迫使古巴进行民主改革。

When the Soviet Union was on the brink⁵ of collapse⁶ in 1990, it stopped its support for Cuba. The island lost billions of dollars in Soviet economic help every year and that crushed Cuba's economy.

1990年，苏联在解体前夕停止了对古巴的支持。这导致岛国古巴每年损失数十亿美元的苏联经济援助，这继而摧毁了古巴的经济。

In more recent years, its government has tried to improve conditions by loosening some of the economic controls while still keeping its grip on political power. Over the past 10 years, Cubans have been allowed to buy electronics and cell phones, buy and sell used cars and stay in hotels. The country is in the news now because it just announced that Cubans will be able to start their own businesses or get jobs in most fields of work.

最近几年，古巴政府试图通过放松部分经济控制来改善环境，但仍然保持对政治权力的控制。过去10年，古巴公民获准购买电子产品和手机，买卖二手车，住旅馆。古巴之所以成为新闻焦点，是因为该国刚刚宣布，古巴公民将能够在大多数工作领域开办自己的企业或找到工作。

Previously⁷, Cuba's government would only allow private workers in certain fields like barbering, repairing tires or posing with tourists. And it still plans to prevent people from working in 124 different kinds of jobs though it didn't specify⁸ what those jobs are. A CNN correspondent on the island says the Cuban government will probably keep total control over healthcare and the media.

此前，古巴政府只允许私营部门劳动者从事某些领域的工作，如理发、修理轮胎或与游客合影等。古巴政府仍计划禁止人们从事124种不同的工作，但没有具体说明这些工作是什么。CNN驻古巴记者表示，古巴政府可能会对医疗保健和媒体保持完全控制。

Still, the change will open up more than 2,000 different fields to Cuban workers. It's a major economic reform. It could lead to more opportunities and hope for Cubans but the British Broadcasting Corporation reports that the changes are likely to happen slowly. And a lot of the country's current private workers are in the tourism industry and that's been hit hard by the coronavirus pandemic and the U.S. embargo.

不过，这一变化将为古巴工作者打开2000多个不同领域的大门。这是一项重大的经济改革。这可能给古巴人带来更多的机会和希望，但BBC报道称，这些变化可能会逐步发生。该国目前的许多私营部门工作者都从事旅游业，但旅游业因冠状病毒疫情和美国禁运而受到了严重打击。

1 overthrow   

v.推翻，打倒，颠覆；n.推翻，瓦解，颠覆

参考例句：

• After the overthrow of the government,the country was in chaos.政府被推翻后，这个国家处于混乱中。
• The overthrow of his plans left him much discouraged.他的计划的失败使得他很气馁。

2 aligned   

adj.对齐的，均衡的

参考例句：

• Make sure the shelf is aligned with the top of the cupboard.务必使搁架与橱柜顶端对齐。

3 Soviet   

adj.苏联的，苏维埃的；n.苏维埃

参考例句：

• Zhukov was a marshal of the former Soviet Union.朱可夫是前苏联的一位元帅。
• Germany began to attack the Soviet Union in 1941.德国在1941年开始进攻苏联。

4 embargo   

n.禁运（令）；vt.对...实行禁运，禁止（通商）

参考例句：

• This country put an oil embargo on an enemy country.该国对敌国实行石油禁运。
• During the war,they laid an embargo on commerce with enemy countries.在战争期间，他们禁止与敌国通商。

5 brink   

n.(悬崖、河流等的)边缘，边沿

参考例句：

• The tree grew on the brink of the cliff.那棵树生长在峭壁的边缘。
• The two countries were poised on the brink of war.这两个国家处于交战的边缘。

6 collapse   

vi.累倒；昏倒；倒塌；塌陷

参考例句：

• The country's economy is on the verge of collapse.国家的经济已到了崩溃的边缘。
• The engineer made a complete diagnosis of the bridge's collapse.工程师对桥的倒塌做了一次彻底的调查分析。

7 previously   

adv.以前，先前（地）

参考例句：

• The bicycle tyre blew out at a previously damaged point.自行车胎在以前损坏过的地方又爆开了。
• Let me digress for a moment and explain what had happened previously.让我岔开一会儿，解释原先发生了什么。

8 specify   

vt.指定，详细说明

参考例句：

• We should specify a time and a place for the meeting.我们应指定会议的时间和地点。
• Please specify what you will do.请你详述一下你将做什么。