2019年CRI 特朗普政府为本国经济问题找理由

Lin Yifu, a senior economist¹ at Peking University, says foreign companies have never been forced to transfer their technologies to Chinese companies when they enter into the Chinese market.

"American companies come to China to invest in its market and to manufacture products for Chinese consumers. It's natural for them to bring their best technologies, in order to enhance the competitiveness of their products in the market."

The economist says that multinationals², especially car makers³ who rely on China for a big chunk⁴ of their sales revenue, use their cutting-edge technology to attract consumers in the world's biggest auto⁵ market.

"For instance, in the auto industry, China is by far the world's largest producer and consumer of automobiles⁶. On top of the United States, a lot of other countries, including Germany, Japan, and South Korea have operations in China. If automakers like General Motors and Ford⁷ don't bring their best technologies, how can they gain an advantage over their rivals in the fierce competition of the Chinese market? "

A huge amount of money is invested every year in China into research and innovation. China's research spending has expanded by 20 percent a year since the year 2000. In 2017 alone, investment into R and D (R&D) hit a record high of nearly 1.8 trillion yuan, or 260 billion U.S. dollars.

China also pays out a growing amount of fees to license⁸ intellectual property. Fee payments from China to foreign IP owners have risen by 17 percent a year over the past two decades.

Some multinationals have begun to feel the pinch as the buying habits of consumers in the world's second-largest economy change rapidly. And they're facing rising competition from domestic rivals.

Foreign investors⁹ in China long received what was called 'super national treatment', a practice that gives foreign investors preferential tax treatment over domestic enterprises.

But the practice was deemed to be unfair for domestic companies, and since the year 2000 it has gradually been phased out.

Dong Yan, a senior researcher at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, believes it can be difficult for American companies to adapt to the quickly evolving conditions of China's fast-paced market.

"In fact, we don't have any items in the law that requires foreign companies to transfer their technologies. American companies have felt the pressure because China is undergoing an economic transition. For example, the 'super national treatment' for foreign companies in China has been gradually canceled over the years. They now receive equal treatment with their domestic counterparts."

The loss of preferential treatment over their domestic counterparts might be a frustration¹⁰ for foreign enterprises. But as China continues to open wider to the world, it is continuing to offer opportunities for global investors.

For CRI, this is Guo Yan.

北京大学高级经济学家林毅夫表示，外国企业进入中国市场时，未被强迫进行技术转移。

“美国公司来中国投资，为消费者制造产品。因此为了提高产品的市场竞争力，他们自然地会用最先进的技术。”

林毅夫表示，跨国公司，尤其是那些对中国市场依赖度很高的汽车制造商，利用先进技术在中国这个全球最大的汽车市场吸引消费者的目光。

“比如说像汽车，中国现在是世界上最大的汽车生产国，也是最大的汽车消费市场，除了美国的汽车（企业）在中国生产，也有德国、日本、韩国（的车企在华发展）。如果美国通用、福特，它不用最好的技术在中国生产，如何在竞争如此激烈的市场占据先机？”

中国每年都投入大量资金用于研发和创新。从2000年以来，中国全社会研发经费投入以年均近20%的速度增长。仅2017年，研发投入就达到近1.8万亿人民币，约合2600亿美元。。

中国也在知识产权方面做了大量投入。过去20年，中国向外国知识产权所有者支付的费用每年以17%的速度增长。

由于中国这个全球第二大经济体消费者的购买习惯改变了，一些跨国公司感受到了压力。同时，他们还面临着来自国内同行激烈的竞争。

在中国的外国投资者之前一直享受“超国民待遇”，这一待遇可以让他们比国内企业享受到更优惠的税收待遇。

但有人认为这种做法对国内企业不公平，于是这一待遇从2000年开始逐渐取消。

中国社会科学院高级研究员东艳表示，美国公民可能难以适应中国快速发展的市场。

“实际上我们在任何法律都没有相关的关于强制性转让（的要求和规定）。这背后显示了美国企业在中国投资的过程中，在中国经济转型的过程中，它们面临的一些压力。比如说过去很多外资企业在中国受到了超国民的待遇，现在实施了国民待遇，感觉到这些优势的丧失。”

对外国企业来说，失去优惠待遇可能有所损失。但随着中国继续扩大对外开放，全球投资者的机会也越来越多。

CRI新闻，郭彦（音译）报道。

1 economist   

n.经济学家，经济专家，节俭的人

参考例句：

• He cast a professional economist's eyes on the problem.他以经济学行家的眼光审视这个问题。
• He's an economist who thinks he knows all the answers.他是个经济学家，自以为什么都懂。

2 multinationals   

跨国公司( multinational的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• These local companies are only small fry compared with the huge multinationals. 同那些跨国公司比，这些当地的公司不过是小鱼小虾。
• Some people believe that the multinationals have too much power. 有人认为跨国公司的权力太大了。

3 makers   

n.制造者，制造商（maker的复数形式）

参考例句：

• The makers of the product assured us that there had been no sacrifice of quality. 这一产品的制造商向我们保证说他们没有牺牲质量。
• The makers are about to launch out a new product. 制造商们马上要生产一种新产品。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 chunk   

n.厚片，大块，相当大的部分（数量）

参考例句：

• They had to be careful of floating chunks of ice.他们必须当心大块浮冰。
• The company owns a chunk of farmland near Gatwick Airport.该公司拥有盖特威克机场周边的大片农田。

5 auto   

n.(=automobile)(口语)汽车

参考例句：

• Don't park your auto here.别把你的汽车停在这儿。
• The auto industry has brought many people to Detroit.汽车工业把许多人吸引到了底特律。

6 automobiles   

n.汽车( automobile的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• When automobiles become popular,the use of the horse and buggy passed away. 汽车普及后，就不再使用马和马车了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Automobiles speed in an endless stream along the boulevard. 宽阔的林荫道上，汽车川流不息。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

7 Ford   

n.浅滩，水浅可涉处；v.涉水，涉过

参考例句：

• They were guarding the bridge,so we forded the river.他们驻守在那座桥上，所以我们只能涉水过河。
• If you decide to ford a stream,be extremely careful.如果已决定要涉过小溪，必须极度小心。

8 license   

n.执照，许可证，特许；v.许可，特许

参考例句：

• The foreign guest has a license on the person.这个外国客人随身携带执照。
• The driver was arrested for having false license plates on his car.司机由于使用假车牌而被捕。

9 investors   

n.投资者，出资者( investor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• a con man who bilked investors out of millions of dollars 诈取投资者几百万元的骗子
• a cash bonanza for investors 投资者的赚钱机会

10 frustration   

n.挫折，失败，失效，落空

参考例句：

• He had to fight back tears of frustration.他不得不强忍住失意的泪水。
• He beat his hands on the steering wheel in frustration.他沮丧地用手打了几下方向盘。