Pre-Listening Vocabulary strait: a narrow waterway The International Date Line: an imaginary line in the middle of the Pacific Ocean where the time zones on either side are 24 hours apart border: a line that defines the ownership of a region time zon...
Pre-Listening Vocabulary army surplus: extra machinery from the army wealthy: rich factory: a building or group of buildings where parts are assembled clutch: the part of a car that connects and disconnects the engine from the transmission hire: to g...
Pre-Listening Vocabulary luxury: expensive abandon: to leave without taking someone or something expat: short for expatriate; a person who lives in a country that he/she is not a citizen of auction: a public sale where the highest bidder gets to buy...
Pre-Listening Vocabulary US Constitution: document of rules and principles for governing in the US glaring: very noticeable inconsistent: not the same throughout variation: a different version raise eyebrows: to cause people to feel surprised or conc...
Pre-Listening Vocabulary remote: far away trading port: a central location where people go to buy and sell goods scholar: a well-educated person; usually one who shares his or her knowledge golden age: a time period when things went very well; a prof...
Pre-Listening Vocabulary term of endearment / pet name: a cute name for a person that you adore customary: common adoration: heartfelt love (not necessarily romantic) address: to speak or write to someone specific alarmed: surprised and worried Pumpk...
Pre-Listening Vocabulary accessible: able to be used visually impaired: people who have low or no vision tactile: related to touch predominantly: mainly; most noticeably wallet: a folder for holding money and cards distinguish: to notice a difference...
Pre-Listening Vocabulary turtle: a marine-dwelling (fresh or saltwater) hard-shelled reptile; used in some regions as a generic word for turtles, terrapins, and tortoises tortoise: a land-dwelling reptile with a dome-shaped shell streamlined: feature...
Pre-Listening Vocabulary device: a piece of equipment nautical: related to shipping or boating rival: a person that one is often in competition with side: to choose one person or argument to agree with etiquette: manners; proper behaviour and languag...
Pre-Listening Vocabulary revolution: to go around something (Earth revolves around the Sun.) rotation: the spinning of something (Venuss rotation is backwards.) axis: a real or imaginary line that something rotates on retrograde: in a backwards movem...
Pre-Listening Vocabulary regulation: related to a rule or standard (e.g., not including overtime) quarter: a period of play that lasts one-fourth of the whole time play: a single period of action or an important movement during a game replay: a recor...
Pre-Listening Vocabulary figurative: having a symbolic or metaphorical meaning; not to be taken literally literal: having a straightforward meaning; exactly as it sounds efficiently: quickly and easily; in the least amount of time All Roads Lead To R...
Pre-Listening Vocabulary aviation: related to air flight regulate: to make and oversee rules and standards proficient: demonstrating a high level or strong ability script: written text that is spoken fluency: the ability to express oneself without ef...
Pre-Listening Vocabulary retailer: a person or businesses that sell things consumer: a person who buys things take a toll: to slowly harm or damage boycott: to protest or show disapproval by not participating or not consuming gain momentum: to become...
Pre-Listening Vocabulary submarine: a tube-shaped underwater vessel; used mainly in warfare torpedo: an underwater missile scraps: unwanted bits and pieces, especially uneaten food galley: the place on a ship or vessel where the food is prepared and...
