英语听力文摘 English Digest 424、蒙娜丽莎真的在笑吗？

 

 

 

 

Mona Lisa's Mysterious Smile–Now You See It, Now You Don't
蒙娜丽莎的神秘微笑——你既看见了，又没看见

       Any list of the world's top ten most famous paintings will surely include da Vinci's Mona Lisa. Part of the painting's appeal is its mystery.

Those lucky enough to have an unobstructed view of the Mona Lisa at the Louvre often stare in awe, baffled by the smile that seems to flicker¹ and fade. Gazing at a reproduction of the work produces the same effect. Now she's smiling, now she's not.

What's the deal with Mona Lisa's smile?

Harvard neuroscientist Margaret Livingstone is pretty sure she's solved the puzzle. Presuming nothing, Livingstone reasoned that the famous portrait's flickering² smile is caused by the way we see.

Our eyes use two separate regions to see. One is the fovea, a central area used to see colors and pick out details such as fine print. The area around the fovea is better at detecting motion, shadows, and stark³, black and white contrasts.

When we look at a person's face, according to Livingstone, we usually focus centrally on the eyes. Gazing at Mona Lisa's eyes, our less accurate peripheral vision notices the mouth, picking up shadows from the cheekbones.

The shadows play visual tricks, hinting at the curve of a smile. But when we look directly at the mouth, our central vision doesn't see the shadows, and so the smile suddenly disappears. As our eyes scan different parts of the portrait, Mona's smile seems to fade in and out.

Did da Vinci intend to create this flickering smile effect? Perhaps. In any case, he was genius enough to paint shadows subtle enough to astound⁴ viewers for half a millennium. Meanwhile, Mona Lisa will keep smiling. And not.

 

    

在任何世界名画前十名的列表中，一定都会有达芬奇的“蒙娜丽莎”。其吸引力部分来自于它的神秘。

那些有幸可以在卢浮宫自由欣赏蒙娜丽莎的人们眼神中常常都充满了敬畏，他们也对蒙娜丽莎那看似一闪即逝的微笑也感到困惑。即使看它的复制品也会产生同样的效果——似笑非笑

蒙娜丽莎的微笑是怎么回事呢？

哈佛大学的神经科学家Margaret Livingstone很确信自己已经解开了这个疑惑。其实没什么其它原因，Livingstone将蒙娜丽莎这个著名画像的如闪即逝的微笑的原因归为我们看它的方式。

我们是用两个分隔开的眼睛看东西的。一个就是视网膜中央凹，一个用来看颜色并察觉出细节的中间地带。而这个区域周围的地方则更擅长察觉位移、影子、光亮及黑白对比。

照Livingstone所说，当我们在注视一个人的脸时，我们经常都会集中注意在Ta的眼睛。在凝视蒙娜丽莎的眼睛时，我们并不是那么精准的外围视力就注意在嘴巴上了，而嘴巴上则覆有脸颊骨的阴影。

就是这个阴影在视觉上给我们开了玩笑，它（在嘴上）隐藏了微笑的曲线。但当我们直视她嘴巴的时候，我们的中心视力并不能看到该阴影，所以微笑就立刻消失了。随着我们眼睛看画像部位的不同，蒙娜丽莎的微笑也就时有时无。

是达芬奇有意营造这么一个“似笑非笑”的效果吗？或许吧。反正，他的天赋好的让他将阴影画的如此微妙，细致到震惊了半个世纪的观赏者。同时，也让蒙娜丽莎的笑一直这样时有时无。

 

 

1 flicker   

vi./n.闪烁，摇曳，闪现

参考例句：

• There was a flicker of lights coming from the abandoned house.这所废弃的房屋中有灯光闪烁。
• At first,the flame may be a small flicker,barely shining.开始时，光辉可能是微弱地忽隐忽现，几乎并不灿烂。

2 flickering   

adj.闪烁的，摇曳的，一闪一闪的

参考例句：

• The crisp autumn wind is flickering away. 清爽的秋风正在吹拂。
• The lights keep flickering. 灯光忽明忽暗。

3 stark   

adj.荒凉的；严酷的；完全的；adv.完全地

参考例句：

• The young man is faced with a stark choice.这位年轻人面临严峻的抉择。
• He gave a stark denial to the rumor.他对谣言加以完全的否认。

4 astound   

v.使震惊，使大吃一惊

参考例句：

• His practical grasp of affairs and his energy still astound me.他对事物的实际掌握和他充沛的精力实在使我惊异。
• He used to astound his friends with feats of physical endurance.过去，他表现出来的惊人耐力常让朋友们大吃一惊。