英语听力文摘 English Digest 448、戒烟的秘密武器

尼古丁贴片（Nicotine¹ patch）是一种香烟替代品。 尼古丁贴片主要有三种剂量，分别含有7、14、21毫克的尼古丁，使用者可根据吸烟量选择不同剂量的贴片。使用时将贴片贴在皮肤上即可，每天只需更换一次。使用起来较为方便。尼古丁贴片能够以较均衡的速度提供尼古丁，从而使血液中的尼古丁含量保持恒定。

If you’ve ever tried to quit smoking, you know that it’s one of the harder habits to break. Nicotine addiction³ is a powerful physical and psychological dependency that conditions the body to crave⁴ nicotine in order to maintain feelings of basic well being.

From cold turkey to hypnosis, cigarette smokers⁵ have tried various methods to help kick the smoking habit. In recent years, many long-term smokers have turned to an increasingly popular remedy: the nicotine .

The Patch, as it’s commonly known, is a small, Band-Aid-like device applied⁶ directly to the skin of the arm, chest, upper back, or hip⁷. Throughout the day the patch releases controlled amounts of nicotine that are absorbed through the skin and directly into the bloodstream.

How, you may ask, is this any better than smoking? Used properly, over time the patch imparts increasingly smaller doses of nicotine to help the addict² gradually break the habit without experiencing the worst symptoms of withdrawal. Plus, the patch releases only nicotine, leaving out all of the dangerous carcinogens and other chemicals found in cigarettes.

If you decide to use the patch, it’s important to stop smoking while wearing it. Combined with nicotine from cigarettes, the extra jolt⁸ absorbed from the patch can overload⁹ the system and cause illness. Also be aware that the combined side effects of quitting smoking and wearing a patch can include headaches, anxiety, dizziness, fatigue, and constipation.

Furthermore, in some instances the patch can irritate the skin, causing a burning sensation and even cause swelling¹⁰ and redness. However unpleasant it may sound, the patch is still worthwhile if it helps you stop smoking.

如果你曾经尝试着戒烟，就会了解这是最难改掉的习惯之一。尼古丁上瘾是生理和心理上的一种强烈的依赖。使其身体迫切需要尼古丁来维持基本健康的情绪。

不管是突然停止抽烟还是催眠戒烟，吸烟者已经尝试过各种各样的办法戒烟。近年来，许多长期吸烟这转向一种很流行的疗法：尼古丁贴片。

通常这种贴片很小，就像创可贴，可以直接接触皮肤上。贴于手臂，胸，上背或臀部皆可。一天中它释放出一定数量的尼古丁会被皮肤吸收并直接进入血液。

也许你会问，这种办法会比直接吸烟好吗？在严格使用一段时间后，贴片会逐渐减少尼古丁的剂量帮助吸烟者慢慢地改掉这个习惯，而且没有前功尽弃的风险。另外，这种贴片只释放尼古丁，把香烟中致癌物质和其他化学物质给身体带来的危害排除在外。

一旦决定用这种贴片，很重要的一点是必须停止吸烟。与香烟中的尼古丁结合，从尼古丁贴片吸收额外少量的尼古丁可能会导致系统超负荷并引发疾病。另外要注意戒烟和贴片伴随的症状有头痛，焦虑，眩晕，疲劳和便秘。

此外，一些实例表明，贴片可能会使皮肤疼痛，引起灼烧的感觉，甚至引起皮肤肿胀发红。不管听上去有多不愉快，如果这种贴片能帮助你戒烟的话，还是值得一试。

 

1 nicotine   

n.(化)尼古丁，烟碱

参考例句：

• Many smokers who are chemically addicted to nicotine cannot cut down easily.许多有尼古丁瘾的抽烟人不容易把烟戒掉。
• Many smokers who are chemically addicted to nicotine cannot cut down easily.许多有尼古丁瘾的抽烟人不容易把烟戒掉。

2 addict   

v.使沉溺；使上瘾；n.沉溺于不良嗜好的人

参考例句：

• He became gambling addict,and lost all his possessions.他习染上了赌博，最终输掉了全部家产。
• He assisted a drug addict to escape from drug but failed firstly.一开始他帮助一个吸毒者戒毒但失败了。

3 addiction   

n.上瘾入迷，嗜好

参考例句：

• He stole money from his parents to feed his addiction.他从父母那儿偷钱以满足自己的嗜好。
• Areas of drug dealing are hellholes of addiction,poverty and murder.贩卖毒品的地区往往是吸毒上瘾、贫困和发生谋杀的地方。

4 crave   

vt.渴望得到，迫切需要，恳求，请求

参考例句：

• Many young children crave attention.许多小孩子渴望得到关心。
• You may be craving for some fresh air.你可能很想呼吸呼吸新鲜空气。

5 smokers   

吸烟者( smoker的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Many smokers who are chemically addicted to nicotine cannot cut down easily. 许多有尼古丁瘾的抽烟人不容易把烟戒掉。
• Chain smokers don't care about the dangers of smoking. 烟鬼似乎不在乎吸烟带来的种种危害。

6 applied   

adj.应用的；v.应用，适用

参考例句：

• She plans to take a course in applied linguistics.她打算学习应用语言学课程。
• This cream is best applied to the face at night.这种乳霜最好晚上擦脸用。

7 hip   

n.臀部，髋；屋脊

参考例句：

• The thigh bone is connected to the hip bone.股骨连着髋骨。
• The new coats blouse gracefully above the hip line.新外套在臀围线上优美地打着褶皱。

8 jolt   

v.（使）摇动，（使）震动，（使）颠簸

参考例句：

• We were worried that one tiny jolt could worsen her injuries.我们担心稍微颠簸一下就可能会使她的伤势恶化。
• They were working frantically in the fear that an aftershock would jolt the house again.他们拼命地干着，担心余震可能会使房子再次受到震动。

9 overload   

vt.使超载；n.超载

参考例句：

• Don't overload the boat or it will sink.别超载，否则船会沉。
• Large meals overload the digestive system.吃得太饱会加重消化系统的负担。

10 swelling   

n.肿胀

参考例句：

• Use ice to reduce the swelling. 用冰敷消肿。
• There is a marked swelling of the lymph nodes. 淋巴结处有明显的肿块。