英语名人堂：穆斯塔法·凯末尔·阿塔土克

穆斯塔法·凯末尔·阿塔土克（土耳其语：Mustafa Kemal Atatürk，1881年5月19日—1938年11月10日），土耳其革命家、改革家、作家，土耳其共和国缔造者，土耳其共和国第一任总统、总理及国民议会议长。生于萨洛尼卡（今希腊境内），木商家庭出身。1934年11月24日，土耳其国会向凯末尔赐予“Atatürk”一姓，在土耳其语“Ata”就是父亲，“Atatürk”（阿塔土克）就是“土耳其人之父”之意。

凯末尔最为人所知是他在一战杰出的军事能力，同时伴随着奥斯曼帝国的崩解，他带领土耳其国民运动并成功在安卡拉建立独立政府，他打败当时协约国所带领的同盟军队，并以杰出的优越能力解放了国家并建立了现今的土耳其共和国，凯末尔当选为首任总统。执政期间凯末尔施行了一系列改革，史称凯末尔改革，使土耳其成为世俗国家，为土耳其的现代化奠定了良好的基础。1938年11月10日在伊斯坦布尔去世，享年57岁。

 

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk is the founder¹ of the Republic of Turkey. His surname, Ataturk, means "Father of the Turks". He was born in 1881 in Salonika, then part of the Ottoman Empire. He had a long and active military career before entering politics. He was a visionary and revolutionary leader who swiftly modernized² Turkey after becoming its first president. His legacy³ is seen throughout Turkish life today.

When Atatürk was 12, he joined a military school. He later graduated from a military academy in Istanbul in 1905. He quickly established his military reputation by fighting against the Italians in Libya in 1911, and in the Balkan Wars between 1912-1913. He became a hero by defending the Dardanelles against the Allies in 1915. Atatürk was promoted to general at the age of 35 because of his military skills.

 

Atatürk played a key role in the Turkish War of Independence (1919-1922). He started a nationalist revolution and successfully fought off European armies that had carved up and occupied Turkey after WWI. In 1921, he established a temporary government in Ankara. Two years later, in 1923, Turkey became a secular⁴ republic with Atatürk as its president. He remained in office until 1938.

 

As president, Mustafa Kemal's reforms secularized schools and encouraged education for girls. He also asked women to work to build Turkey's economy. He replaced Islamic courts with secular civil law and replaced Arabic script with a Latin-based Turkish alphabet. He also promoted a more western style of dressing⁶. Atatürk died on November 10, 1938, aged⁵ 57 years old. He remains⁷ a revered⁸ figure in Turkey.

1 Founder   

n.创始者，缔造者

参考例句：

• He was extolled as the founder of their Florentine school.他被称颂为佛罗伦萨画派的鼻祖。
• According to the old tradition,Romulus was the founder of Rome.按照古老的传说，罗穆卢斯是古罗马的建国者。

2 modernized   

使现代化，使适应现代需要( modernize的过去式和过去分词 )； 现代化，使用现代方法

参考例句：

• By 1985 the entire railway network will have been modernized. 等到1985年整个铁路网就实现现代化了。
• He set about rebuilding France, and made it into a brilliant-looking modernized imperialism. 他试图重建法国，使它成为一项表面华丽的现代化帝业。

3 legacy   

n.遗产，遗赠；先人(或过去)留下的东西

参考例句：

• They are the most precious cultural legacy our forefathers left.它们是我们祖先留下来的最宝贵的文化遗产。
• He thinks the legacy is a gift from the Gods.他认为这笔遗产是天赐之物。

4 secular   

n.牧师，凡人；adj.世俗的，现世的，不朽的

参考例句：

• We live in an increasingly secular society.我们生活在一个日益非宗教的社会。
• Britain is a plural society in which the secular predominates.英国是个世俗主导的多元社会。

5 aged   

adj.年老的，陈年的

参考例句：

• He had put on weight and aged a little.他胖了，也老点了。
• He is aged,but his memory is still good.他已年老，然而记忆力还好。

6 dressing   

n.(食物)调料；包扎伤口的用品，敷料

参考例句：

• Don't spend such a lot of time in dressing yourself.别花那么多时间来打扮自己。
• The children enjoy dressing up in mother's old clothes.孩子们喜欢穿上妈妈旧时的衣服玩。

7 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

8 revered   

v.崇敬，尊崇，敬畏( revere的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• A number of institutions revered and respected in earlier times have become Aunt Sally for the present generation. 一些早年受到尊崇的惯例，现在已经成了这代人嘲弄的对象了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The Chinese revered corn as a gift from heaven. 中国人将谷物奉为上天的恩赐。 来自辞典例句