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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
SECTION 1： LISTENING TEST (30 minutes)
Part A: Spot Dictation
Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with
blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write
your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear
the passage only once.
Today I'm going to consider very briefly1 a problem concerned with the competition for land
use, that is, whether crops should be used to produce food or should be used to _________(1)
and in considering this problem I will look at ________(2): the historical background to the
problem, the economic involved in the competition for land use, some examples, and
________(3) to a potential problem.
In considering the historical background we should ___________(4) of the 1970s due to the
rapid trend in increasing oil prices. Many countries have looked for ____________(5) to make
them independent of other countries' _____________(6). Examples of alternative energy sources
include such things as solar power. the ____________(7), and also the production of biogas.
Biogas is methane2 which is produced from _____________(8).
A particularly interesting possibility for many developing countries has been the
___________(9) to alcohol. This is interesting because in many developing countries there is a
____________(10) and at the same time a small industrial sector3 and thus the ____________(11)
the agricultural sector to produce fuel is of interest to those countries.
Research is going on ___________(12), for example, from sugar and there are two main
economic reasons for this. First of all, the world price of sugar _________(13) or the world price
of sugar has fallen in very real terms __________(14). This has caused a problem for those
economics which are ____________(15) their sugar production, as it gives them an alternative
possibility for ______________(16). And secondly4 sugar is the most efficient source of alcohol,
therefore, it is __________(17) to make fuel by distilling5 alcohol from it.
In addition to sugar there are _______(18) that can be used to make alcohol, for example,
____________(19) such plants as the cassava plant and the sweet potato are good sources from
which alcohol can be made and in non-tropical countries you have such things as
__________(20).
Part B: Listening Comprehension
Directions: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each
one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken
only once. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and
write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER
BOOKLET.
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation.
1. (A) Blue. (B) Green.
(C) Red. (D) Yellow.
2. (A) "Swimming". (B) "Wills's Woodbines".
(C) A petrol company badge. (D) "Tidy".
3. (A) In the early 1900s. (B) In the early 1950s.
(C) Around 1945. (D) After 1955.
4. (A) "Smoked by Millions". (B) "Bought by Millions."
(C) "Love for Humankind". (D) "I've been to Disneyland."
5. (A) Two (B) Three
(C) Four (D) Five
Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following news.
6. (A) 25% (B) 35%
(C) 45% (D) 75%
7. (A) Inadequate6 pay.
(B) Short-staffing at air-traffic control centers.
(C) Certain government welfare policies.
(D) The company pension scheme proposals.
8. (A) There was a substantial increase in the number of employment.
(B) Just over 12,000 people were still unemployed7 last month.
(C) The unemployment situation has got a little better.
(D) There is no real reduction in unemployment.
9. (A) More than fourteen-million-pound worth of jewellery.
(B) Over forty-million-pound worth of jewellery.
(C) Over one-quarter million pound of cash.
(D) A very large but unspecified amount of money.
10. (A) A woman and a child. (B) Three men.
(C) Three men and a woman. (D) Three men, a woman and a child.
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following intervies.
11. (A) A South African Businessman.
(B) A British diamond supplier.
(C) An American writer and journalist.
(D) A chief executive officer of De Beers Corporation.
12. (A) Because they are difficult to mine.
(B) Because they are rare.
(C) Because they are sort of marriage license8.
(D) Because they are controlled by a monopoly.
13. (A) An advertising9 agency for diamonds (B) A South African diamond company.
(C) A Belgian diamond cutter. (D) A Japanese diamond designer.
14. (A) Russia. (B) Japan.
(C) Israel. (D) Belgium.
15. (A) Diamonds are a good investment.
(B) Diamonds are expensive because there is a monopoly.
(C) Diamonds are an international symbol of marriage.
(D) Diamonds are rare and therefore precious.
Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following talk.
16. (A) The dangers of computer use to health.
(B) The dangers and benefits of computer use.
(C) Computer use and personal privacy.
(D) Computer use and national or industrial security.
17. (A) Less than 25%. (B) About 35%.
(C) More than 45%. (D) Around 55%.
18. (A) USA. (B) UK.
(C) Australia. (D) Denmark.
19. (A) Disturbance10 to vision. (B) Increased stress.
(C) Abnormality in pregnancy11. (D) Skin disease.
20. (A) Because they stay longer hours in front of the terminal screen than do professional users.
(B) Because they use computers in places without safeguards against potential risks.
(C) Because they usually use computers of an inferior quality.
(D) Because they use computers only for interest or pleasure.
SECTION 2: READING TEST (30 minutes)
Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several
questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, (A), (B), (C) or (D), to each question.
Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that
passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your
ANSWER BOOKLET.
Questions 1~5
British Aerospace12 is planning to set up its own university because it cannot recruit the
skilled graduates it needs from existing institutions.
BAe has a team drafting a range of options for the university, which would award its own
degrees. Work on the scheme is expected to start in the next few months.
Sir Richard Evans, chief executive of British Aerospace, has already launched a recruiting
drive for engineers on the Continent because of a shortage of high-calibre domestic candidates.
Advertising campaigns in France, Germany and other European countries will seek to attract
students expecting to graduate in the summer.
Other engineering employers are expe3cted to follow suit. The move to take on overseas
graduates comes after BAe left one in five of its graduate places unfilled last year, blaming
shortcomings in the education system.
If the scheme is approved, BAe will either build a full university or incorporate sites at its
main research and manufacturing centres at Farnborough, Surrey, and Warton, Lancashire. The
company would have to convince the education authorities that the university had sufficient
teaching capacity and autonomy for it to be allowed to award degrees. BAe said it was setting up
its own education system and recruiting staff abroad because "there is a shortage of engineering
graduates, both in terms of quantity and quality".
The Engineering Employers' Federation13 said that skill shortages were an urgent problem.
Rolls-Royce, another large engineering employer, said there was a general skill shortage,
although it had filled its graduate quota14. Rolls will soon recruit internationally to reflect its
expanding international operations.
Engineering's failure to attract students has been attributed to poor pay and long-term
prospects, given the decline in British manufacturing. BAe would not reveal how much it pays
graduates, but Lucas Variety, a large engineering employer, paid a starting salary of ￡14,200
last year. That compares with an average graduate starting salary of ￡15,300, according to
Income Data Services.
British universities have found it increasingly difficult to recruit well-qualified
undergraduates. Even Oxford15 and Cambridge fail to meet their quotas17 in many engineering
subjects.
Alan Smithers, whose Centre for Education and Employment Research, at Brunel
University, produced a report on the supply of science and engineering graduates early this year,
said that the discipline had been over expanded. "There is now a lack of quality to withstand
competition in an increasingly international sphere. Companies go where they can find the best
candidates."
Engineering does not enjoy the high status in Britain that it occupies in other parts of the
world. Courses in other parts of Europe and the Far East command among the highest entry
requirements of all degree subjects and take five years, rather than the norm of three in Britain.
1. British Aerospace is recruiting engineers on the Continent ______.
(A) as the pay for them can be much lower
(B) as there are not enough well-qualified candidates at home
(C) to compete with France, Germany and other European countries
(D) to set up a university of its own.
2. In the passage, the expression "to follow suit" in the sentence "Other engineering employers
are expected to follow suit" (para. 4) can best be paraphrased18 as _______.
(A) to join BAe in its recruiting scheme (B) to take the unanimous action
(C) to recruit graduates overseas (D) to establish universities
3. Which of the following is NOT the reason that engineering courses fail to attract British
students?
(A) The decline of British manufacturing industry.
(B) The recruitment of engineers abroad.
(C) The lower pay for engineering graduates.
(D) The long and slow process of success and promotion19 after graduation.
4. "Oxford" and "Cambridge" are mentioned in the passage to show that _______.
(A) they are the world famous universities.
(B) they are not cooperating with British Aerospace
(C) they are reforming the engineering education
(D) they can not fulfil their recruitment quotas in engineering
5. Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage?
(A) There should be further cooperation between British Aerospace and Higher Institutions
(B) Shortage of engineers leads BAe to plan its own university
(C) British Higher Education has recently been reevaluated
(D) British Engineering education is severely20 criticized for its lack of quality
Question 6~10
In an unprecedented21 trans-European strike, Renault workers yesterday staged simultaneous
stoppages in France, Belgium and Spain to protest against the car maker's decision to close its
factory at Vilvoorde in Belgium and cut 6,000 jobs.
Despite union fury and a storm of criticism from French politicians and the European
Commission, Louis Schweitzer, the Renault chairman, insisted that the closure of the Belgian
factory in July with the loss of 3,100 jobs was traumatic but necessary. "It's a brutal23, hard and
painful decision," Mr. Schweitzer said. "If we do nothing, the company will be."
Up to one third of workers downed tools for one hour during each shift in Paris and other
parts of France, while Belgian demonstrators from the threatened Vilvoorde plant massed
outside the French Embassy in Brussels and threw a car chassis24 across police barricades25. Belgian
Renault dealers26 across the country joined the protest by shutting up shop.
The Renault board has approved a plan to shed an additional 2,764 jobs in France, where
stoppages began overnight at the Renault factory in Le Mans, and continued yesterday at plants
in Cleon, Sandouville and Douai.
About 90 per cent of workers at four Renault plants in Spain downed tools for one hour and
employees at factories operated in Belgium by General Motors, Volkswagen, Ford16, Opel and
Volvo also staged one-hour strikes in solidarity27 with their Renault counterparts.
Workers at Renault plants in Portugal, however, did not respond to the strike call.
Union leaders last night hailed the so-called "Eurostrike" as proof of cross-border workers'
unity in the face of glaring gaps in European social legislation.
Mr. Schweitzer suggested that a new use might be found for the Vilvoorde factory and that
some workers may be transferred to other plants, but he showed no sign of backing off from the
radical restructuring plan.
Critics claim that he is callously28 taking advantage of different labour costs across Europe,
and on Thursday Karl Van Miert, the European Commissioner29, announced he was blocking
Spanish investment subsides30 for Renault on the grounds that it was "absurd" to close the
profitable Belgian plant.
The Spanish Government yesterday decided31 to suspend its request for approval of an 8
million subsidy32 it had planned to provide for a Renault investment in Valladolid.
The management of the newly-privatised French automaker claims that the Vilvoorde plant
was singled out because it has the highest production costs.
While President Chirac of France has expressed "shock" at the abrupt33 way the closure was
announced, as Mr. Schweitzer pointed34 out "the French Government has not said that the decision
should be altered, corrected or that it was not good for the company".
6. The Belgians demonstrated outside the French Embassy in Brussels ______.
(A) to protest against French President Chirac's speech
(B) to support French workers' strike at Renault plants
(C) to protest against the closure of the Vilvoorde factory by the French car maker
(D) to voice their solidarity with all Renault workers
7. It can be concluded from the passage that ______.
(A) about 6,000 jobs will be cut from the Renault factory at Vilvoorde in Belgium
(B) one third of workers in the Vilvoorde factory will lose their jobs
(C) about 6,000 workers will be laid off from Renault factories in Belgium and France
(D) the strikes at Renault plants in Belgium and France will lead to a dismissal of about 6,000
workers
8. According to the passage, the workers at factories operated in Belgium by General Motors,
Volkswagen, Ford, Opel and Volvo staged strikes _____.
(A) to protest against the closure of their plants
(B) to demand higher wages
(C) to demand more subsidies35 from their governments
(D) to support workers in Renault plants
9. The expression "was singled out" (para. 11) can be replaced by which of the following?
(A) was closed down (B) was chosen
(C) was reconstructed (D) was separated
10. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
(A) Renault workers in several European countries staged strike against the closure of the
Vilvoorde factory.
(B) The French Government planned to take action to change the decision of the Renault
board.
(C) The decision to close the Renault factory in Vilvoorde met strong criticism from different
circles.
(D) The labour costs of automobile36 industry vary greatly from country to country, even in
Europe.
Question 11~15
The Australian art world swooned when they saw the work of "Aboriginal37" painter Eddie
Burrup, whose haunting canvases depicted38 Aboriginal "Dreamtime" legends.
The only trouble is, Eddie Burrup does not exist. He is a figment of the imagination of an
82-year-old white woman whose hoax39 has embarrassed the cognoscenti and infuriated the
nation's indigenous40 artists. Not since Brisbane literary award winner, Helen Demidenko,
admitted she fooled the publishing world in 1995 by assuming a false identity, have Australia's
artistic41 elite42 been so humbled43.
The elderly painter who so successfully pulled the wool over everyone's eyes, is in fact
Elizabeth Durack, a pastoralist, author and amateur anthropologist44 who lives in the remote
Kimberley region of Western Australia. Under Burrup's fictitious45 name, she produced a range of
critically acclaimed46 work, including paintings, photographs and even an autobiography47.
Everyone assumed Burrup was recluse48 living a hermit's existence in the Outback.
"His" creations were so impressive that they even featured in a touring Aboriginal art show.
This month some of the works were due to be entered for the highly respected Sulman Prize, to
be announced on March 21. But after yesterday's revelation "Burrup's" work will almost
certainly be withdrawn49.
Durack, of Irish descent, is a member of one of the country's most famous pioneering
families. She is a well-know painter in her own right and confessed to her deception50 in an arts
magazine, but refused to explain her motivation. "It's my last creative phase," was all she would
say.
However, art historian Robert Smith, a close family friend, defended her actions. "she has
created a character, just a playwright51 or a poet or a novelist will create a character," he said. "She
hasn't appropriated any motifs52 or themes, or forms of Aboriginal art at all," he insisted.
Members of the Aboriginal art community were less forgiving, claiming she had stolen
indigenous culture. "It's the last thing left that you could possibly take away other than our lives
or shoot us all." John Mundine, an Aboriginal art curator, said. Doreen Mellor, senior curator at
Flinders Art Museum in Adelaide, said: "As an Aboriginal person I feel really offended."
Ironically, the Durack family probably has a deeper knowledge of Aboriginal affairs than
many other white settlers, having lived among Australia's indigenous people in Kimberley for
nearly 180 years. In the last century the Duracks had a reputation as the only family of
pastoralists who did not shoot Aborigines.
11. According to the passage. Eddie Burrup _______.
(A) is an 82-year-old female painter
(B) has long fascinated the Australian art world
(C) has lived in Western Australia for many years
(D) is an imaginary male Aboriginal painter
12. According to the passage, the Australian artistic circles ______.
(A) highly appreciate the work of Eddie Burrup
(B) do not cosider Durack to be an artist
(C) felt cheated by the trick of Elizabeth Durack
(D) acknowledged Durack's contribution to the Aboriginal art
13. It can be concluded from the passage that ______.
(A) Durack imitated paintings from other Aboriginal artists
(B) Durack lacked confidence in her own painting skills
(C) Durack knew much about Aboriginal culture
(D) Durack devoted53 all her life to the creation of Eddie Burrup
14. The word "appropriated" in the sentence "She hasn't appropriated any motifs or themes, or
forms of Aboriginal art at all," (para. 6) can be replaced by which of the following?
(A) made proper use of (B) used as her own invention
(C) imitated and copied (D) studied and designed
15. Which of the following can NOT be inferred from the passage?
(A) Many white men killed or injured the native people in Australia in the last century.
(B) The Durack family have been hostile to Australia's natives.
(C) The Aboriginal artists criticised Durack's deceptive54 behaviour.
(D) Some people felt sympathetic with Durack after the revelation of her deception.
Question 16~20
The medical world was thrown into confusion yesterday when a judge ruled that food and
hydration could be withdrawn from a 29-year-old woman, even though doing so would not
strictly55 follow rules laid down by the Royal College of Physicians.
The woman, known as Miss D, was suffering a "living death" and the time had come for
"merciful relief," said Sir Stephen Brown, President of the High Court Family Division.
The case breaks new ground because in previous cases where doctors have applied56 to turn
off life-support machines of seriously brain-damaged patients, the victims have been in a
"persistent57 vegetative state"(PVS).
Miss D was not considered by experts to be in a PVS because she could track movement
with her eyes and responded to cold water being poured into her ears.
James Munby QC, who was appointed to represent the woman's interests, told Sir Stephen
that the reason the Royal College had been anxious to identify what he had called a "bright line"
over which the boundaries should not be pushed was because there was always a danger of going
down a "slippery slope". But the judge, in his ruling said that all the consultants58, doctors,
medical team and family were agreed that Miss D had no awareness59 of her surroundings or
herself, and all the evidence was that there was "no possibility of any meaningful life
whatsoever". Sir Stephen said that he did not feel he was altering the boundaries of who could be
allowed to die. "I am driven to the conclusion... that it is in this patient's best interest to withdraw
the artificial feeding and hydration which is keeping her body alive."
But the judgement was condemned60 by the anti-euthanasia group. Alert, which said the
"barbaric practice" of cutting off life support systems to braindamaged patients should be banned.
Dr. Peggy Norris, chairwoman of Alert, said: "Withholding61 food and fluids from a person
capable of experiencing thirst had been used as a form of torture."
The British Medical Association took the vies, however, that the judgement did not extend
the categories of patients from whom nutrition and hydration can be withdrawn. "It is an
acknowledgment that it would be ethically64 acceptable to consider withdrawal65 of nutrition and
hydration from and individual who has permanently66 lost his or her sentience67 and awareness," a
spokesman said.
Miss D was at university when she was seriously injured in a road accident in 1989. She
recovered enough to walk round in familiar surroundings, but in 1995 was found unconscious in
her bed, probably having had an epileptic fit. She has never subsequently recovered
consciousness.
This week her feeding tube had become dislodged, and a small operation would have been
needed to replace it. Consequently the hospital trust caring for her had applied to the court for a
declaration that it was lawful68 to "discontinue all life sustaining treatment." Its request was
upheld.
A spokesman for the Royal College of Physicians said the decision had caused confusion.
"We set up a working group to produce guidelines, in order to help doctors in a difficult situation.
But they are only guidelines and the judge is not obliged to follow them. The judgement does not
change them, but it seems to be leading to some uncertainty69 among doctors."
16. The case which concerns Miss D is mainly about ______.
(A) whether she was in a "persistent vegetative state"
(B) if she should be given further medical treatment
(C) which method to be used to recover her consciousness
(D) whether the withdrawal of food and fluids from her is justifiable
17. In the passage, the expression "breaks new ground" (para. 3) can be paraphrased as which of
the following?
(A) makes new discoveries (B) provides further opportunities
(C) brings new problems (D) makes breakthroughs
18. What is the major issue of the argument according to the passage?
(A) The redefinition of "persistent vegetative state."
(B) The stoppage of life sustaining treatment to non PVS patients.
(C) The ethical63 issues in treating PVS patients.
(D) The distinctions between PVS and non PVS patients.
19. It can be concluded that the author of the passage ______.
(A) gives his personal opinion about the issue in question
(B) reaches a comprehensive conclusion in the end
(C) provides a detailed70 introduction on the issue of euthanasia
(D) offers an objective report on different views towards the issue
20. According to the spokesman for the Royal College of Physicians, the judgement has ______.
(A) set a precedent22 for future cases
(B) strictly followed the guidelines set up by the Royal College of Physicians
(C) brought about certain confusion in the medical profession
(D) led to strong opposition71 in the medical world
SECTION 3: TRANSLATION TEST (30 minutes)
Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your version in the
corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
A commonplace criticism of American culture is its excessive preoccupation with material
goods and corresponding neglect of the human spirit. Americans, it is alleged72, worship only "the
almighty dollar." We scramble73 to "keep up with the Joneses." The love affair between Americans
and their automobiles74 has been a continuing subject of derisive75 commentary by both foreign and
domestic critics. Americans are said to live by a quantitative76 ethic62. Bigger is better, whether in
bombs or sedans. The classical virtues77 of grace, harmony, and economy of both means and ends
are lost on most Americans. As a result, we are said to be swallowing up the world's supply of
natural resources, which are irreplaceable. Americans constitute 6 percent of the world's
population but consume over a third of the world's energy. These are now familiar complaints.
Indeed, in some respects Americans may believe the "pursuit of happiness" to mean the pursuit
of material things.
收听单词发音 |
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briefly
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| adv.简单地，简短地 | |
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methane
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| n.甲烷，沼气 | |
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sector
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| n.部门，部分；防御地段，防区；扇形 | |
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secondly
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| adv.第二，其次 | |
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distilling
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| n.蒸馏（作用）v.蒸馏( distil的过去式和过去分词 )( distilled的过去分词 )；从…提取精华 | |
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inadequate
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| adj.(for,to)不充足的，不适当的 | |
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unemployed
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| adj.失业的，没有工作的；未动用的，闲置的 | |
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license
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| n.执照，许可证，特许；v.许可，特许 | |
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advertising
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| n.广告业；广告活动 a.广告的；广告业务的 | |
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disturbance
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| n.动乱，骚动；打扰，干扰；(身心)失调 | |
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pregnancy
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| n.怀孕，怀孕期 | |
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aerospace
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| adj.航空的，宇宙航行的 | |
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federation
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| n.同盟，联邦，联合，联盟，联合会 | |
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quota
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| n.（生产、进出口等的）配额，（移民的）限额 | |
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Oxford
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| n.牛津（英国城市） | |
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Ford
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| n.浅滩，水浅可涉处；v.涉水，涉过 | |
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quotas
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| （正式限定的）定量( quota的名词复数 )； 定额； 指标； 摊派 | |
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paraphrased
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| v.释义，意译( paraphrase的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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promotion
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| n.提升，晋级；促销，宣传 | |
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severely
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| adv.严格地；严厉地；非常恶劣地 | |
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unprecedented
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| adj.无前例的，新奇的 | |
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precedent
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| n.先例，前例；惯例；adj.在前的，在先的 | |
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brutal
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| adj.残忍的，野蛮的，不讲理的 | |
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chassis
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| n.汽车等之底盘；（飞机的）起落架；炮底架 | |
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barricades
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| 路障，障碍物( barricade的名词复数 ) | |
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dealers
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| n.商人( dealer的名词复数 )；贩毒者；毒品贩子；发牌者 | |
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solidarity
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| n.团结；休戚相关 | |
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callously
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commissioner
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| n.（政府厅、局、处等部门）专员，长官，委员 | |
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subsides
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| v.（土地）下陷（因在地下采矿）( subside的第三人称单数 )；减弱；下降至较低或正常水平；一下子坐在椅子等上 | |
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decided
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| adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的 | |
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subsidy
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| n.补助金，津贴 | |
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abrupt
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| adj.突然的，意外的；唐突的，鲁莽的 | |
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pointed
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| adj.尖的，直截了当的 | |
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subsidies
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| n.补贴，津贴，补助金( subsidy的名词复数 ) | |
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automobile
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| n.汽车，机动车 | |
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aboriginal
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| adj.（指动植物）土生的，原产地的，土著的 | |
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depicted
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| 描绘，描画( depict的过去式和过去分词 )； 描述 | |
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hoax
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| v.欺骗，哄骗，愚弄；n.愚弄人，恶作剧 | |
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indigenous
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| adj.土产的，土生土长的，本地的 | |
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artistic
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| adj.艺术(家)的，美术(家)的；善于艺术创作的 | |
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elite
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| n.精英阶层；实力集团；adj.杰出的，卓越的 | |
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humbled
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| adj. 卑下的，谦逊的，粗陋的 vt. 使 ... 卑下，贬低 | |
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anthropologist
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| n.人类学家，人类学者 | |
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fictitious
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| adj.虚构的，假设的；空头的 | |
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acclaimed
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| adj.受人欢迎的 | |
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autobiography
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| n.自传 | |
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recluse
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| n.隐居者 | |
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withdrawn
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| vt.收回；使退出；vi.撤退，退出 | |
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deception
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| n.欺骗，欺诈；骗局，诡计 | |
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51
playwright
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| n.剧作家，编写剧本的人 | |
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motifs
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| n. （文艺作品等的）主题( motif的名词复数 )；中心思想；基本模式；基本图案 | |
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devoted
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| adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的 | |
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deceptive
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| adj.骗人的，造成假象的，靠不住的 | |
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strictly
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| adv.严厉地，严格地；严密地 | |
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applied
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| adj.应用的；v.应用，适用 | |
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persistent
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| adj.坚持不懈的，执意的；持续的 | |
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consultants
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| 顾问( consultant的名词复数 )； 高级顾问医生，会诊医生 | |
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awareness
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| n.意识，觉悟，懂事，明智 | |
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condemned
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| adj. 被责难的, 被宣告有罪的 动词condemn的过去式和过去分词 | |
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withholding
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| 扣缴税款 | |
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ethic
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| n.道德标准，行为准则 | |
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ethical
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| adj.伦理的，道德的，合乎道德的 | |
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ethically
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| adv.在伦理上，道德上 | |
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withdrawal
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| n.取回，提款；撤退，撤军；收回，撤销 | |
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permanently
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| adv.永恒地，永久地，固定不变地 | |
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sentience
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| n.感觉性；感觉能力；知觉 | |
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lawful
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| adj.法律许可的，守法的，合法的 | |
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uncertainty
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| n.易变，靠不住，不确知，不确定的事物 | |
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detailed
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| adj.详细的，详尽的，极注意细节的，完全的 | |
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opposition
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| n.反对，敌对 | |
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alleged
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| a.被指控的，嫌疑的 | |
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scramble
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| v.爬行，攀爬，杂乱蔓延，碎片，片段，废料 | |
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automobiles
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| n.汽车( automobile的名词复数 ) | |
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derisive
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| adj.嘲弄的 | |
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quantitative
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| adj.数量的，定量的 | |
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virtues
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| 美德( virtue的名词复数 )； 德行； 优点； 长处 | |
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