经济学人06:疯狂中的理智 Method in the madness

 　　Books and Arts;New film

　　文艺；新片上映

　　Method in the madness

　　疯狂中的理智

　　A searching look at what caused the split between Freud and Jung

　　深度挖掘：弗洛伊德、荣格决裂的原因

　　Psychoanalysis, as practised by Carl Jung and his mentor¹, Sigmund Freud, in Zurich and Vienna in the early 1900s came to be known as “a dangerous method”. It is a good title for this absorbing film, written by Christopher Hampton and based on John Kerr's 1994 book about Jung, Freud and Sabina Spielrein, which explores the role Spielrein (Keira Knightley) played in the two men's lives. An 18-year-old Russian patient of Jung (Michael Fassbender), who cured her psychotic hysteria in 1904, Spielrein later became an analyst² and an inspiration both to Jung and to Freud (Viggo Mortensen). According to Mr Kerr, she also became Jung's lover, a breach³ of professional ethics⁴ that contributed to the discord⁵ between the two analysts⁶ and their acrimonious⁷ parting of ways in 1913.

　　20世纪初期，卡尔·荣格和导师西格蒙德·弗洛伊德在苏黎世和维也纳使用精神分析疗法，当时，此法以“危险”而为人所熟知。故而，冠以这部引人入胜的影片《危险方法》一名十分恰当。该电影由克里斯多夫·汉普顿执笔，改编自约翰·克尔1994年出版得小说。小说主要讲述了荣格、弗洛伊德和萨宾娜·斯皮勒林之间的故事，并探讨了萨宾娜[凯拉·纳特利饰演]在两个男人的生活中扮演的角色。萨宾娜是荣格[迈克尔·法斯宾德饰演]的病人，18岁，俄罗斯人。1904年，她的精神疾病---歇斯底里症治愈，之后，她成为了一名精神分析师，并给予荣格和弗洛伊德[维果·莫滕森饰演]极大灵感。根据克尔的小说，萨宾娜成为了荣格的女友---这违背了职业操守，并导致荣格与弗洛伊德关系破裂。1913年，在激烈的争执中，两人分道扬镳。

　　Directed by David Cronenberg, “A Dangerous Method” contains no exploding heads to remind viewers of his 1981 film, “Scanners”. But Spielrein certainly comes close to blowing up in the opening sequence, in which Ms Knightley gives a harrowing portrayal⁸ of the symptoms of hysteria that turns her face into a twisted, jut-jawed mask of terror at the sadistic⁹ paternal¹⁰ abuse that is the cause of the character's illness. Extrapolating a bit, the film-makers speculate that the doctor-patient affair was spiced up by re-enactments of those paternal spankings¹¹.

　　《危险方法》由大卫·柯南伯格执导。“爆头”这一元素能让观众回忆起大卫1981年的影片《夺命凶灵》，但这类场景并未出现在该片中。不过，在影片开头的一组镜头中，斯皮勒林的状态确实接近“爆炸”。凯拉·奈特莉呈现得歇斯底里症着实恐怖：面对父亲的虐待（这是她致病的原因），她无比惊恐，脸部扭曲，下巴突出。笔者推测，电影制作者们觉得将“父亲虐儿”的桥段再次搬上银幕能增强“医生-病人罗曼史”的效果。

　　As “A Dangerous Method” threads its way through the labyrinth¹² of words that these brilliant, questioning people use to probe, seduce¹³ and wound one another, it deftly¹⁴ dramatises the intellectual differences that brought about the Freud-Jung split without actually giving either man the last word. Portraying¹⁵ Freud as a witty¹⁶ patriarch, the film seems to side with him against his stiff-necked protégé. Freudians will conclude that Jung is wallowing in mysticism to hide from the truth and that his sexual urges almost destroyed his marriage and his patient's sanity¹⁷. It is a tribute to both men's ideas, and the creativity of the film-makers, that Jungians (and Cronenbergians) are equally free to see the myth-haunted Swiss psychoanalyst as a tragic¹⁸ incarnation of Orpheus, who should never have looked back at Eurydice when rescuing her from the underworld of Hades.

　　这些充满智慧又满腹疑问的人物用令人费解的话语相互追问，彼此引诱，又互相伤害。《危险方法》一片以这些谈话为主线，同时，巧妙地将造成弗洛依德-荣格分歧的思维差异搬上银幕，而两人孰对孰错，影片未真正给出最终的定论。在刻画弗洛伊德这个人物上，本片似乎站在他的一边，以一个机智的长者形象取代顽固的后生形象。弗洛伊德的信徒们会说，为了掩盖真相，荣格沉湎于神秘论中；他的性冲动几乎摧毁了他的婚姻，夺走了其病人的理智。这部影片赞颂了弗洛伊德与荣格的思想，体现了电影工作人员的创造力。荣格的信徒（以及柯南伯格的粉丝们）能在片中随时看到这位被神话萦绕的瑞士精神分析学家，化身为俄尔普斯，在将爱人欧律狄刻救出哈迪斯的冥界前，万不可回头看爱人一眼。

1 mentor   

n.指导者，良师益友；v.指导

参考例句：

• He fed on the great ideas of his mentor.他以他导师的伟大思想为支撑。
• He had mentored scores of younger doctors.他指导过许多更年轻的医生。

2 analyst   

n.分析家，化验员；心理分析学家

参考例句：

• What can you contribute to the position of a market analyst?你有什么技能可有助于市场分析员的职务？
• The analyst is required to interpolate values between standards.分析人员需要在这些标准中插入一些值。

3 breach   

n.违反，不履行；破裂；vt.冲破，攻破

参考例句：

• We won't have any breach of discipline.我们不允许任何破坏纪律的现象。
• He was sued for breach of contract.他因不履行合同而被起诉。

4 ethics   

n.伦理学；伦理观，道德标准

参考例句：

• The ethics of his profession don't permit him to do that.他的职业道德不允许他那样做。
• Personal ethics and professional ethics sometimes conflict.个人道德和职业道德有时会相互抵触。

5 discord   

n.不和，意见不合，争论，（音乐）不和谐

参考例句：

• These two answers are in discord.这两个答案不一样。
• The discord of his music was hard on the ear.他演奏的不和谐音很刺耳。

6 analysts   

分析家，化验员( analyst的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• City analysts forecast huge profits this year. 伦敦金融分析家预测今年的利润非常丰厚。
• I was impressed by the high calibre of the researchers and analysts. 研究人员和分析人员的高素质给我留下了深刻印象。

7 acrimonious   

adj.严厉的，辛辣的，刻毒的

参考例句：

• He had an acrimonious quarrel with his girlfriend yesterday.昨天他跟他的女朋友激烈争吵了一番。
• His parents went through an acrimonious divorce.他的父母在激烈吵吵闹闹中离了婚。

8 portrayal   

n.饰演；描画

参考例句：

• His novel is a vivid portrayal of life in a mining community.他的小说生动地描绘了矿区的生活。
• The portrayal of the characters in the novel is lifelike.该书中的人物写得有血有肉。

9 sadistic   

adj.虐待狂的

参考例句：

• There was a sadistic streak in him.他有虐待狂的倾向。
• The prisoners rioted against mistreatment by sadistic guards.囚犯因不堪忍受狱警施虐而发动了暴乱。

10 paternal   

adj.父亲的，像父亲的，父系的，父方的

参考例句：

• I was brought up by my paternal aunt.我是姑姑扶养大的。
• My father wrote me a letter full of his paternal love for me.我父亲给我写了一封充满父爱的信。

11 spankings   

n.打屁股( spanking的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The spankings are given on the and with just about every implement you can imagine. 在打女生的过程中，用尽了你一切可以想到的工具。 来自互联网

12 labyrinth   

n.迷宫；难解的事物；迷路

参考例句：

• He wandered through the labyrinth of the alleyways.他在迷宫似的小巷中闲逛。
• The human mind is a labyrinth.人的心灵是一座迷宫。

13 seduce   

vt.勾引，诱奸，诱惑，引诱

参考例句：

• She has set out to seduce Stephen.她已经开始勾引斯蒂芬了。
• Clever advertising would seduce more people into smoking.巧妙策划的广告会引诱更多的人吸烟。

14 deftly   

adv.灵巧地，熟练地，敏捷地

参考例句：

• He deftly folded the typed sheets and replaced them in the envelope. 他灵巧地将打有字的纸折好重新放回信封。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• At last he had a clew to her interest, and followed it deftly. 这一下终于让他发现了她的兴趣所在，于是他熟练地继续谈这个话题。 来自英汉文学 - 嘉莉妹妹

15 portraying   

v.画像( portray的现在分词 )；描述；描绘；描画

参考例句：

• The artist has succeeded in portraying my father to the life. 那位画家把我的父亲画得惟妙惟肖。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Ding Ling was good at portraying figures through careful and refined description of human psychology. 《莎菲女士的日记》是丁玲的成名作，曾引起强烈的社会反响。 来自汉英文学 - 中国现代小说

16 witty   

adj.机智的，风趣的

参考例句：

• Her witty remarks added a little salt to the conversation.她的妙语使谈话增添了一些风趣。
• He scored a bull's-eye in their argument with that witty retort.在他们的辩论中他那一句机智的反驳击中了要害。

17 sanity   

n.心智健全，神智正常，判断正确

参考例句：

• I doubt the sanity of such a plan.我怀疑这个计划是否明智。
• She managed to keep her sanity throughout the ordeal.在那场磨难中她始终保持神志正常。

18 tragic   

adj.悲剧的，悲剧性的，悲惨的

参考例句：

• The effect of the pollution on the beaches is absolutely tragic.污染海滩后果可悲。
• Charles was a man doomed to tragic issues.查理是个注定不得善终的人。