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经济学人123:女性和工作 女人之间的事

时间:2014-04-29 05:24来源:互联网 提供网友:mapleleaf   字体: [ ]
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   Women and work

  女性和工作
  Girl talk
  女人之间的事
  Working women today have it better than ever before. But few agree on how to help them rise further—or whether they still need help at all
  今天,职场女性的地位比过去已经有了显著进步。但关于怎样帮助她们进一步攀登职业生涯的更高峰,或者她们到底还需不需要帮助,仍然存在着很大的意见分歧。
  Work With Me: The 8 Blind Spots Between Men and Women in Business.
  和我一起工作:男性和女性在职场中的八大盲点
  By Barbara Annis and John Gray. Palgrave Macmillan; 272 pages; $27.
  作者:芭芭拉·安妮丝,约翰·格雷。麦克米伦出版社;272页;27美元。
  To be published in Britain by Piatkus next month; 13.99.
  下月将由Piatkus出版社在英国出版;13.99英镑。
  Buy from Amazon.com
  Amazon.com有售
  女性.jpg
  A Rising Tide: Financing Strategies for Women-Owned Firms.
  新潮:女性主导公司的金融策略
  By Susan Coleman and Alicia Robb.
  作者:苏珊·科尔曼,艾丽西亚·罗布。
  Stanford University Press; 288 pages; $85 and 77.50.
  斯坦福大学出版社;288页;85美元/77.5英镑。
  Buy fromAmazon.com, Amazon.co.uk
  Amazon.com, Amazon.co.uk有售
  The XX factor: How Working Women are Creating a New Society.
  XX因子:职场女性如何创造新社会
  By Alison Wolf. Profile; 464 pages; 15.99. Buy fromAmazon.co.uk
  作者:艾莉森·伍尔芙。Profile出版社;464页;15.99英镑。Amazon.co.uk有售
  PEOPLE have been holding heated discussions recently about women’s experience in the workplace.
  最近,关于女性职场角色的讨论尤为火热。
  The catalyst1? A single Silicon2 Valley executive.
  点燃这场讨论的是一位硅谷的女主管。
  Last month Sheryl Sandberg, chief operating officer at Facebook, published “Lean In”, a controversial manifesto3 on why women have not ascended5 to the most senior positions at companies.
  上月,Facebook的首席营运官雪莉·桑德伯格发表了颇受争议的新书《跻身:女性、工作与领导意愿》,讲述女性难以在公司担任高层职位的原因。
  She concludes that it is partly women’s own fault: they do not “lean in” and ask for promotions6, pipe up at meetings and insist on taking a seat at the table.
  在书中,桑德伯格女士总结说,这一部分是女性自身的问题:她们不愿“跻身”,不主动要求升职,不积极在公司会议上发言,甚至在开会时都不愿上桌。
  Three new books will not have the same impact as “Lean In”, but they offer some interesting new perspectives on how women are coping at work, and what is holding them back.
  本文要介绍的三本新书虽然无法在影响上与《跻身》相媲美,但也为我们了解女性如何适应职场、是什么阻碍了她们晋升提供了一些有趣的新视角。
  Some of it is down to simple miscommunication.
  有时这仅仅是因为简单的沟通障碍。
  Barbara Annis and John Gray argue in “Work With Me” that men and women are biologically wired to think and react differently to situations, and have “gender7 blind spots” when it comes to understanding their co-workers’ behaviour.
  芭芭拉·安妮丝和约翰·格雷在《和我一起工作》一书中说,男人和女人因为生理结构的差异而注定对同一情况有不同的看法和反应,并且在理解异性同事的行为时,会存在“性别盲点”。
  Ms Annis, who leads workshops on gender for big companies and governments, and Mr Gray, author of “Men are from Mars, Women are from Venus”, a bestselling book in 1992 about relationship problems, have collaborated8 to produce an easy-to-read guide to workplace communications.
  安妮丝女士平时经常为大公司和政府机构主持关于性别问题的研习班,格雷先生则是《男人来自火星,女人来自金星》一书的作者,这本书出版于1992年,是一本讲述恋爱关系中存在的问题的畅销书。这样的两个人合作出一本关于职场沟通的简明指南,可谓是珠联璧合。
  Women ask more questions, gather more people’s opinions and seek collaboration10 with co-workers more frequently than men.
  和男性相比,女性通常更喜欢提问题,更多地寻求他人的意见,并且也更愿意与同事合作。
  Men view these preferences as signs of weakness, and women, in turn, grow annoyed by how competitively men work, and how quickly and unilaterally they arrive at conclusions.
  这些特点在男性看来是软弱的标志,而女性同样也很讨厌男人工作时的好胜心,以及他们不征求别人意见、迅速作出自己单方面结论的作风。
  If both female and male employees became more “gender intelligent” about how their work and behavioural preferences are hard-wired, it would contribute to a more harmonious11 workforce12.
  如果男女职员都能够更加明智地认识到性别对他们的工作和行为习惯的固定影响,或许工作团队中的关系会更加和谐。
  Women have been choosing to leave companies at twice the rate of men, and more than half the women whom the authors met in workshops were considering leaving their firms.
  女职员主动辞职的比率是男职员的两倍,本书作者在研习班里接触的女职员中也有一半以上都在考虑离开现在的公司。
  Women often tell their bosses that they are quitting for personal reasons, but the majority actually leave because they feel excluded from teams and not valued for their contributions.
  她们通常会对老板说,自己辞职是出于私人原因,但实际上,大部分人真正的理由是她们在团队中没有参与感,而且感到自己的贡献没有得到重视。
  Yet the reality is that women often have trouble communicating with other women at work as well, though the authors do not explain in quite as much detail why this is so.
  其实还有另外一个现实的原因,女职员经常在工作中与其他女性也存在沟通问题,尽管这一点在本书中并没有详细阐述。
  Communication and gender equality are not just problems at large firms.
  沟通和性别平等不是只有大公司才存在的问题。
  In “A Rising Tide” Susan Coleman and Alicia Robb look beyond women’s experience at big companies.
  在《新潮》一书中,作者苏珊·科尔曼和艾丽西亚·罗布关注的就是女性在大公司之外的经历。
  They focus instead on women entrepreneurs, who have the potential to become leaders in their field, earn a high income and hire more women.
  她们的兴趣点在女企业家身上,这些女性拥有成为本行业领袖的潜力,收入高,并且倾向于雇佣更多的女性为自己工作。
  In a positive shift, women have been starting more firms in the past decade.
  过去的十年见证了一个积极的转变—女性正在创办越来越多的公司。
  However, these tend to be in the service and retail13 industries.
  然而,这些公司大多从事的是服务业和零售业一类的传统产业。
  They also remain smaller than men’s firms.
  而且通常在规模上也比不上男性主导的公司。
  Ms Coleman and Ms Robb point out that part of this may be by design; women sometimes want to keep their businesses small in order to balance their family responsibilities.
  科尔曼女士和罗布女士指出,这种情况一部分可能是有意为之;女老板们有时就是想要保持公司较小的规模,以便兼顾自己的家庭责任。
  However, women also often lack the financing that male entrepreneurs enjoy.
  除此之外,女老板们也经常缺少男老板们所拥有的那样充足的资金。
  They have fewer savings14, so usually launch their businesses with less capital than men, and are less likely to apply for a loan for fear of being denied.
  她们的存款较少,所以经常在创办公司时,启动资金就比不上男企业家。
  And they have not had as much access to the masculine world of Silicon Valley: in 2000 they obtained only 5% of funding from venture capitalists, a notoriously male-dominated industry.
  而且,因为害怕被拒绝,她们也不太愿意去申请贷款。因此,在硅谷这个男权世界中,女性的跻身空间很小。2000年,她们仅从风险投资家手中获得了5%的资金。
  During their first year of operation men raised 27 times more equity15 from outsiders for their start-ups than women.
  众所周知,风险投资也是一个男性主导的行业。新公司运营第一年里,男老板们从公司外部募得的投资是女老板们的27倍。
  How has the success of high-achievers differentiated16 them from other women?
  那么,成功的女性精英们与其他女性有什么不同呢?
  In “The XX Factor”, Alison Wolf, the director of public policy and management at Kings College London, argues that there are now around 70m highly educated, high-earning women around the world.
  伦敦大学国王学院公共政策与管理系负责人艾莉森·伍尔芙在《XX因子》一书中说,目前全世界大约有七千万接受过高等教育、拿高收入的女性。
  They have more in common with elite17 men than with other women.
  与其他女性相比,她们与男性精英拥有更多相同之处。
  These grandes dames18 tend to marry more often and have fewer children than less-educated women.
  这些“女强人”通常会比教育程度不高的女性结更多次婚,生更少的孩子。
  They spend more time working, and, unexpectedly, more time parenting.
  她们花在工作上的时间更多,但令人意外的是,她们花在养育儿女上的时间也更多。
  Ms Sandberg also makes this point.
  桑德伯格女士也表达过同样的观点。
  As the demands on women in the workplace have increased, so too have the standards for being a good, involved mother—which adds to the challenges for women at the top.
  随着职场对女性的要求越来越高,要做一个合格的、全身心投入的母亲也越来越难。这也增加了女高管们面临的挑战。
  Ms Wolf and Ms Sandberg ultimately differ, however, on whether the glass is half full or half empty for women.
  但是,在对待女性职场前景的态度上,伍尔芙女士和桑德伯格女士有着很大的差别。
  Ms Sandberg’s book is a call to female arms to change their behaviour so they can rise further.
  桑德伯格女士的书意在呼吁女性改变她们的一些做法,以便攀登事业的更高峰。
  Ms Wolf concludes with an economist’s detachment. She says that given how much things have improved for women in the past century, it is “a little surprising to find so many elite women still arguing passionately20 for directed, top-down social change—change designed to improve things for female elites”.
  而伍尔芙女士的结论则显示出一位经济学家所拥有的淡然和超脱。她说,在过去一个世纪里,女性地位已经有了很大提升,考虑到这一点,她“有些不理解为什么很多女性精英仍然在乐此不疲地要求有序的、自上而下的社会变革,要求进一步改善女性精英的处境”。
  Most people agree that more needs to change in the workplace. Men still occupy most top jobs, do not feel comfortable mentoring21 younger women and judge young men differently from young women.
  大多数人都同意,职场确实还有很多需要改变的地方。男性仍然霸占了大多数的高层职位,不愿意指导年轻的女职员,并且在评价年轻的男女职员时采取双重标准。
  However, after decades of women failing to gain equal representation in executive suites22, it is notable how many books now focus on women altering their behaviour, rather than men changing their way of doing things.
  但是,在女性奋斗了几十年,仍然未能在主管办公室打下半壁江山之后,我们应该注意到,现在的很多书只关注女性如何调整自己的行为,而不是男性怎样改变他们的行事风格。
  Women cannot change their fate on their own. What happened to the responsibility for men to “lean in” to listen and advance women in the workforce, as well?
  女性仅靠自己改变不了命运。难道男性不是也有责任要主动倾听女性的声音,帮助女性在职场进步吗?
  1.ascend4 to 升至,追溯
  Most children are matching the land enough to ascend to 1024.
  大多数儿童正充分区配大陆的振动而提升到1024股。
  He could then ascend to the prime ministerial job after elections in 2014.
  并且在随后的2014年大选中,他很可能一举登上总理职位。
  2.pipe up 尖声唱,吹奏乐曲
  Don't let nobody else put a pipe up your ass19, or you might like it!
  不要让任何人在你的屁股上插管子,还是你喜欢那样。
  Suddenly he-the captain, that is-began to pipe up his eternal song.
  忽然,他也就是船长扯开嗓子又唱起了那首老掉牙的破歌。
  3.hold back 隐瞒;控制;阻碍
  The magnetic field would then be reversed to hold back excess nanoparticles.
  磁场同样也可以起到阻止过量的纳米粒进入的作用。
  Poor education systems and rigid23 immigration rules hold back the supply of skilled labor9.
  质量低劣的教育体系和僵化的移民法规阻碍了熟练劳动力的供给。
  4.collaboration with 合作
  This newspaper has a loose editorial collaboration with the site.
  本刊与全球之声在线网站的编辑人员之间有松散的合作。
  We will push this forward in collaboration with another listed development company.
  我们将与另一家上市开发公司合作,共同推进这些项目。

点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 catalyst vOVzu     
n.催化剂,造成变化的人或事
参考例句:
  • A catalyst is a substance which speeds up a chemical reaction.催化剂是一种能加速化学反应的物质。
  • The workers'demand for better conditions was a catalyst for social change.工人们要求改善工作条件促进了社会变革。
2 silicon dykwJ     
n.硅(旧名矽)
参考例句:
  • This company pioneered the use of silicon chip.这家公司开创了使用硅片的方法。
  • A chip is a piece of silicon about the size of a postage stamp.芯片就是一枚邮票大小的硅片。
3 manifesto P7wzt     
n.宣言,声明
参考例句:
  • I was involved in the preparation of Labour's manifesto.我参与了工党宣言的起草工作。
  • His manifesto promised measures to protect them.他在宣言里保证要为他们采取保护措施。
4 ascend avnzD     
vi.渐渐上升,升高;vt.攀登,登上
参考例句:
  • We watched the airplane ascend higher and higher.我们看着飞机逐渐升高。
  • We ascend in the order of time and of development.我们按时间和发展顺序向上溯。
5 ascended ea3eb8c332a31fe6393293199b82c425     
v.上升,攀登( ascend的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • He has ascended into heaven. 他已经升入了天堂。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The climbers slowly ascended the mountain. 爬山运动员慢慢地登上了这座山。 来自《简明英汉词典》
6 promotions ea6aeb050f871384f25fba9c869cfe21     
促进( promotion的名词复数 ); 提升; 推广; 宣传
参考例句:
  • All services or promotions must have an appeal and wide application. 所有服务或促销工作都必须具有吸引力和广泛的适用性。
  • He promptly directed the highest promotions and decorations for General MacArthur. 他授予麦克阿瑟将军以最高的官阶和勋奖。
7 gender slSyD     
n.(生理上的)性,(名词、代词等的)性
参考例句:
  • French differs from English in having gender for all nouns.法语不同于英语,所有的名词都有性。
  • Women are sometimes denied opportunities solely because of their gender.妇女有时仅仅因为性别而无法获得种种机会。
8 collaborated c49a4f9c170cb7c268fccb474f5f0d4f     
合作( collaborate的过去式和过去分词 ); 勾结叛国
参考例句:
  • We have collaborated on many projects over the years. 这些年来我们合作搞了许多项目。
  • We have collaborated closely with the university on this project. 我们与大学在这个专案上紧密合作。
9 labor P9Tzs     
n.劳动,努力,工作,劳工;分娩;vi.劳动,努力,苦干;vt.详细分析;麻烦
参考例句:
  • We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。
  • He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后,他已经疲惫不堪了。
10 collaboration bW7yD     
n.合作,协作;勾结
参考例句:
  • The two companies are working in close collaboration each other.这两家公司密切合作。
  • He was shot for collaboration with the enemy.他因通敌而被枪毙了。
11 harmonious EdWzx     
adj.和睦的,调和的,和谐的,协调的
参考例句:
  • Their harmonious relationship resulted in part from their similar goals.他们关系融洽的部分原因是他们有着相似的目标。
  • The room was painted in harmonious colors.房间油漆得色彩调和。
12 workforce workforce     
n.劳动大军,劳动力
参考例句:
  • A large part of the workforce is employed in agriculture.劳动人口中一大部分受雇于农业。
  • A quarter of the local workforce is unemployed.本地劳动力中有四分之一失业。
13 retail VWoxC     
v./n.零售;adv.以零售价格
参考例句:
  • In this shop they retail tobacco and sweets.这家铺子零售香烟和糖果。
  • These shoes retail at 10 yuan a pair.这些鞋子零卖10元一双。
14 savings ZjbzGu     
n.存款,储蓄
参考例句:
  • I can't afford the vacation,for it would eat up my savings.我度不起假,那样会把我的积蓄用光的。
  • By this time he had used up all his savings.到这时,他的存款已全部用完。
15 equity ji8zp     
n.公正,公平,(无固定利息的)股票
参考例句:
  • They shared the work of the house with equity.他们公平地分担家务。
  • To capture his equity,Murphy must either sell or refinance.要获得资产净值,墨菲必须出售或者重新融资。
16 differentiated 83b7560ad714d20d3b302f7ddc7af15a     
区分,区别,辨别( differentiate的过去式和过去分词 ); 区别对待; 表明…间的差别,构成…间差别的特征
参考例句:
  • The development of mouse kidney tubules requires two kinds of differentiated cells. 小鼠肾小管的发育需要有两种分化的细胞。
  • In this enlargement, barley, alfalfa, and sugar beets can be differentiated. 在这张放大的照片上,大麦,苜蓿和甜菜都能被区分开。
17 elite CqzxN     
n.精英阶层;实力集团;adj.杰出的,卓越的
参考例句:
  • The power elite inside the government is controlling foreign policy.政府内部的一群握有实权的精英控制着对外政策。
  • We have a political elite in this country.我们国家有一群政治精英。
18 dames 0bcc1f9ca96d029b7531e0fc36ae2c5c     
n.(在英国)夫人(一种封号),夫人(爵士妻子的称号)( dame的名词复数 );女人
参考例句:
  • Dames would not comment any further. Dames将不再更多的评论。 来自互联网
  • Flowers, candy, jewelry, seemed the principal things in which the elegant dames were interested. 鲜花、糖果和珠宝看来是那些贵妇人的主要兴趣所在。 来自英汉文学 - 嘉莉妹妹
19 ass qvyzK     
n.驴;傻瓜,蠢笨的人
参考例句:
  • He is not an ass as they make him.他不象大家猜想的那样笨。
  • An ass endures his burden but not more than his burden.驴能负重但不能超过它能力所负担的。
20 passionately YmDzQ4     
ad.热烈地,激烈地
参考例句:
  • She could hate as passionately as she could love. 她能恨得咬牙切齿,也能爱得一往情深。
  • He was passionately addicted to pop music. 他酷爱流行音乐。
21 mentoring 927b67a2488cee0c1ff61a0b43695f30     
n.mentoring是一种工作关系。mentor通常是处在比mentee更高工作职位上的有影响力的人。他/她有比‘mentee’更丰富的工作经验和知识,并用心支持mentee的职业(发展)。v.(无经验之人的)有经验可信赖的顾问( mentor的现在分词 )
参考例句:
  • One of the most effective instruments for coaching and mentoring is the "role rehearsal" . 辅导和教学的最有效的手段之一是“角色排练。” 来自辞典例句
  • Bell Canada called their mentoring system a buddy-buddy system. 加拿大贝尔公司称他们的训导系统是伙伴—伙伴系统。 来自互联网
22 suites 8017cd5fe5ca97b1cce12171f0797500     
n.套( suite的名词复数 );一套房间;一套家具;一套公寓
参考例句:
  • First he called upon all the Foreign Ministers in their hotel suites. 他首先到所有外交部长住的旅馆套间去拜访。 来自辞典例句
  • All four doors to the two reserved suites were open. 预定的两个套房的四扇门都敞开着。 来自辞典例句
23 rigid jDPyf     
adj.严格的,死板的;刚硬的,僵硬的
参考例句:
  • She became as rigid as adamant.她变得如顽石般的固执。
  • The examination was so rigid that nearly all aspirants were ruled out.考试很严,几乎所有的考生都被淘汰了。
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