纪录片《熟食造就了人类吗》 第24期：透过骨头看历史

Here we're looking at the back of a skull¹ of a child,

这是一个儿童头盖骨的枕骨面

probably about ten years old when he died,

这个孩子死时大概10岁

and there are two holes in these bones.

这块骨头上有两个洞

I was so surprised to

令我震惊的是

find that the spacing between those two holes

我发现这两个洞之间的距离

is matched almost exactly

几乎完全等于

by the spacing between the lower canines² of a fossil leopard³

美洲豹下颚化石上两颗犬齿间的距离

from the same part of the cave.

这块化石同样是在这个洞里被发现的

That tells us that this child was killed by a leopard.

这个发现说明 孩子是被美洲豹咬死的

But in more recent parts of the cave,

在洞里离我们年代更近的部分

he's found bones with the marks of stone tools on them -

他发现一些带有石器痕迹的遗骨

proof that our ancestors were eating meat.

证明了我们祖先有吃肉食

What that indicates to us

这块遗骨告诉我们

is that people were butchering the meat off this bone

人们曾把肉从骨头上剥离

and their stone knives went through that meat

他们的石刀穿过皮肉

and contacted this bone surface.

然后与骨头表面接触

We also have percussion⁴ damage on these bones

这块骨头上还存在碰撞产生的损伤

where people broke open the bones

人们曾砸开骨头

to get out the edible⁵ marrow⁶ from the inside of those bones.

以获取骨头里可以吃的骨髓

1 skull   

n.头骨；颅骨

参考例句：

• The skull bones fuse between the ages of fifteen and twenty-five.头骨在15至25岁之间长合。
• He fell out of the window and cracked his skull.他从窗子摔了出去，跌裂了颅骨。

2 canines   

n.犬齿( canine的名词复数 )；犬牙；犬科动物

参考例句：

• For example, the teeth are more primitive. There are large canines and unusually shaped incisors. 譬如，牙齿更为原始，有大的犬齿和非常合适的门齿。 来自辞典例句
• Well-to-canines can attend doggy daycare centers while their owners work. 富人家的狗在主人上班的时候可以去狗狗托管中心。 来自互联网

3 leopard   

n.豹

参考例句：

• I saw a man in a leopard skin yesterday.我昨天看见一个穿着豹皮的男人。
• The leopard's skin is marked with black spots.豹皮上有黑色斑点。

4 percussion   

n.打击乐器；冲突，撞击；震动，音响

参考例句：

• In an orchestra,people who play percussion instruments sit at the back.在管弦乐队中，演奏打击乐器的人会坐在后面。
• Percussion of the abdomen is often omitted.腹部叩诊常被省略。

5 edible   

n.食品，食物；adj.可食用的

参考例句：

• Edible wild herbs kept us from dying of starvation.我们靠着野菜才没被饿死。
• This kind of mushroom is edible,but that kind is not.这种蘑菇吃得，那种吃不得。

6 marrow   

n.骨髓；精华；活力

参考例句：

• It was so cold that he felt frozen to the marrow. 天气太冷了，他感到寒冷刺骨。
• He was tired to the marrow of his bones.他真是累得筋疲力尽了。