纪录片《文明》 第180期 进步崇拜（12）

And at the centre of the controversy¹ is the figure at the centre of the painting, the barmaid.

争议的焦点就是画面中心的人物 酒吧女招待

Because there she is in the Folies-Bergere,the most decadent², the most glamorous,the most joyous³ cabaret nightclub in Paris,and yet she has an expression that is anything but joyous.

因为她身处女神游乐厅 巴黎最颓废 最迷人 最充满欢乐的歌舞夜总会 但从她的表情中却看不出一丝欢愉

It's said to be the face of indifference⁴ or an expression of alienation⁵.

人们形容这个表情为冷漠或是疏离

And the fact that Manet has included in the painting all of these luxury goods - the champagne,the very expensive imported beer,and this bowl of oranges -

马奈在画中呈现了 这么多奢侈品 香槟 昂贵的进口啤酒 还有一碗橙子

might have been his way of hinting that she herself might be a commodity that's for sale.

可能是他在暗示 她本人也是待价而沽的商品

That this is a young woman who works as a prostitute as well as selling drinks.

这名年轻的女性既卖身也卖酒

And the reflection adds to the confusion because her reflection isn't where we think it should be,it's off to the right.

而镜中影像就更令人迷惑了 因为她的映像并不在我们所期望的位置 而是在右侧

And in her reflection she's not looking at us,she's talking and leaning into this man in a top hat.

影像中的她没有望向我们 而是靠向戴着礼帽的男子 在和他攀谈

He is a customer.

他是一名顾客

But I think everything in this painting is telling us that he's a man who's after more than just a round of drinks.

但我觉得画中的一切都在告诉我们 他想要的不只是几杯酒

This is a masterclass in ambiguity⁶.

这是大师级的暧昧手法

This is a painting that is a reflection,in more than just one sense,of a Paris that is both real and unreal,a consumer society in which everything is for sale,a city that is a constructed reality that doesn't bear close scrutiny⁷.

这幅画不仅从画面上 而且在内涵上 反映了亦真亦幻的巴黎 一个万物皆为商品的消费社会 一座由经不起仔细审视的现实 构建而成的城市

In 1889, on the centenary of the French Revolution,Paris staged the Exposition Universelle,a celebration of French culture and civilisation⁸.

1889年 法国大革命百年纪念之际 巴黎举办了世界博览会 一场法国文化与文明的盛典

The centrepiece of the exposition was an enormous new monument to industrial power.

博览会的核心展品是一座展现工业实力的新建巨型纪念碑

Designed to showcase French engineering...

为了展现法国的工程实力

It was the tallest structure ever created by the hand of man,and would be for another 40 years.

它成为了史上最高的人造建筑 而且将这一记录保持了四十年

The exposition also celebrated⁹ France's expanding empire with a number of colonial pavilions.

本届博览会还用大量殖民地展馆 赞颂了法兰西帝国不断扩张的疆土

1 controversy   

n.争论，辩论，争吵

参考例句：

• That is a fact beyond controversy.那是一个无可争论的事实。
• We ran the risk of becoming the butt of every controversy.我们要冒使自己在所有的纷争中都成为众矢之的的风险。

2 decadent   

adj.颓废的，衰落的，堕落的

参考例句：

• Don't let decadent ideas eat into yourselves.别让颓废的思想侵蚀你们。
• This song was once banned, because it was regarded as decadent.这首歌曾经被认定为是靡靡之音而被禁止播放。

3 joyous   

adj.充满快乐的；令人高兴的

参考例句：

• The lively dance heightened the joyous atmosphere of the scene.轻快的舞蹈给这场戏渲染了欢乐气氛。
• They conveyed the joyous news to us soon.他们把这一佳音很快地传递给我们。

4 indifference   

n.不感兴趣，不关心，冷淡，不在乎

参考例句：

• I was disappointed by his indifference more than somewhat.他的漠不关心使我很失望。
• He feigned indifference to criticism of his work.他假装毫不在意别人批评他的作品。

5 alienation   

n.疏远；离间；异化

参考例句：

• The new policy resulted in the alienation of many voters.新政策导致许多选民疏远了。
• As almost every conceivable contact between human beings gets automated,the alienation index goes up.随着人与人之间几乎一切能想到的接触方式的自动化，感情疏远指数在不断上升。

6 ambiguity   

n.模棱两可；意义不明确

参考例句：

• The telegram was misunderstood because of its ambiguity.由于电文意义不明确而造成了误解。
• Her answer was above all ambiguity.她的回答毫不含糊。

7 scrutiny   

n.详细检查，仔细观察

参考例句：

• His work looks all right,but it will not bear scrutiny.他的工作似乎很好，但是经不起仔细检查。
• Few wives in their forties can weather such a scrutiny.很少年过四十的妻子经得起这么仔细的观察。

8 civilisation   

n.文明，文化，开化，教化

参考例句：

• Energy and ideas are the twin bases of our civilisation.能源和思想是我们文明的两大基石。
• This opera is one of the cultural totems of Western civilisation.这部歌剧是西方文明的文化标志物之一。

9 celebrated   

adj.有名的，声誉卓著的

参考例句：

• He was soon one of the most celebrated young painters in England.不久他就成了英格兰最负盛名的年轻画家之一。
• The celebrated violinist was mobbed by the audience.观众团团围住了这位著名的小提琴演奏家。