Listen this way听力教程第一册-10

Unit 1O  Toward Better Health (Ⅱ)

Part Ⅰ  Getting ready
People should eat a variety of foods, avoid too much fat, too much sugar and sodium¹. They should drink alcohol in moderation, if at all, and not smoke. But nowadays people are too busy to spend much time in the kitchen, so many prefer fast food. Can fast food offer us enough nutrition? What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of fast food?

A  The following words and phrases will appear in this unit. All of them are related to food, and drinks. Listen carefully and study the definitions.
   1. french fries: long thin pieces of potato deep fried in fat
   2. hamburger: a flat round cake of finely cut beef, cooked and eaten in a round bread roll
   3. coke: Coca-Cola, a sweet non-alcoholic carbonated drink of American origin
   4. apple pie: a pastry² cake filled with apples, baked in a deep dish
   5. ketchup³: a thick red liquid made from tomatoes, used for giving a pleasant taste to food
   6. pepper: a hot-tasting greyish or pale yellowish powder made from crushed peppercorns, used for making food taste better
   7. sirloin: beef cut from the best part of the lower back
   8. steak: a thick flat piece of beef cut from the fleshy part and of good quality
   9. chuck: beef cut from the side of cattle just above the top of the front legs
   10. roll: a small loaf of bread for one person, either long or round

B  Here are some short conversations which take place in snack bars. Please listen and then supply the missing words.
   1. Woman: __________. May I help you?
      Man:   Yeah. I want a _________, _________, and a large _________.
      Woman: _________, _________, large _________. That'll be _________.
   2. Man:   Who's _________?
      Woman: I want an order of _________ and a small _________.
      Man:   Anything _________?
      Woman: No, that's _________.
      Man:   How about a _________ or an _________?
      Woman: No, just ________ and a small _________.
      Man:   OK. That's _________.
   3. Woman: Yes, sir. What'll it _________ for you?
      Man:   Two __________ and _________.
      Woman: Is there anything _________?
      Man:   No. that's _________.
      Woman: Is this _________ or _________ here?
      Man:   We'll be eating here.
   4. Man:   Do you have any _______?
      Woman: It's on the _______ counter.
      Man:   Where do you keep the _________ and _________?
      Woman: You'll find it in the same place.

C  The following conversation is about smoking. Please listen and then fill in the blanks with the numbers and years you hear on the tape.
   Q: Cigarette smoking is not new. Why have people just started worrying about it so recently?
   A: One reason is that smoking has increased so much in recent years. During the early _______, only about ___________ cigarettes were produced each year.
   Q: Why do you say "only" ___________?
   A: Because in the _______ the yearly production was about _________. And by the _______ manufacturers were producing ___________ each year.
   Q: But many other things were also being produced in larger quantities. Why did people begin to think smoking was bad for the health?
   A: Because lung cancer cases were increasing along with cigarette smoking. In _______ fewer than ______ Americans were listed as dying from lung cancer. By the _______ this number had grown to _________ per year. And in ________ the number was around _________.

Part Ⅱ How do you make hamburgers?
Thousands of roadside restaurants prepare and sell hamburgers and French fries. But still many housewives prefer to feed their kids with hamburgers made with their own hands.

A  In this section you are going to hear a conversation about how to make hamburgers. While you listen, focus on the verbs and verb phrases, add more if you can in the verbs column.
 
B  Now try this: listen to a more authentic⁴ version of the conversation. Pay more attention to the whole procedure of making hamburgers. Add more key words in the left-hand column. Complete the procedure in the right-hand column with the help of the verbs and notes.
   Procedure
   1. Buy ______________________________________；
   2. Add ______________________________________；
   3. Mix ______________________________________；
   4. Divide ___________________________________；
   5. Press _____________ and make _____________；
   6. Put __________________ and ___________melt；
   7. Put ______________________________________； 
   8. Cook _____________________________________； 
   9. Put ______________________________________； 
  10. Serve ____________________________________； 

Part Ⅲ Dealing⁵ with growth: describing trends
Milk and milk products include full milk, skimmed milk, long life milk, milk drinks, cheese, yoghurt, ice-cream etc., all of which are well known for their abundant protein, phosphorus, and especially calcium⁷. Milk is also rich in vitamins. Although milk is essential for children, for adults too much milk can cause unsaturated fatty acids to build in the blood system. Do you know what kind of milk is popular in the market today?

A  The following words and expressions are used in a presentation. Listen to the words and expressions first. Study their definitions carefully.
   1. implication: a possible later effect of an action or decision
   2. pie chart: circular chart divided into segments
   3. sector⁸ share: market share held by one product sector in the market
   4. weight of publicity⁹: great quantity or influence of publicity
   5. low fat diet: regime of eating only food with no or low fat
   6. initial: first
   7. consumer resistance: consumers' negative attitude towards a product or service
   8. consumer awareness¹⁰: consumers' knowledge about a product or service
   9. full milk: milk from which the cream has not been removed
  10. skimmed milk: milk from which the cream has been removed
  11. long life milk: milk specially⁶ treated so that it can be kept for a long time without going bad
  12. milk drink: a drink which contains milk
 
B  Now listen to a presentation about trends in the milk drinks market, given by the Director of the Milk Marketing¹¹ Board. As you listen, complete the descriptions of the pie charts of the total market below.

C  Listen to the presentation again. While you listen, focus on numbers. Write down all the numbers and add more key words if you can in the notes column. Then complete the bar chart with the help of the notes and numbers.

D  Now try this: listen to a more authentic version of the presentation. Pay close attention to the verbs, adjectives and adverbs. Complete the following sentences with the help of the above notes.
   1. The total market has _____________ from 280 million litres to 440 million litres.
   2. The actual sector share of the four main milk products has ____________.
   3. The full milk sector has ___________________ from 74% to just 42%.
   4. The skimmed milk sector has __________ from only 12% to 35%.
   5. The long life sector has _________ from 5% to 13%.
   6. The milk drinks have ________ pretty ______, just by 1%.
   7. The full milk sector will ________ more ________ to around 40% and then ______ a _______ 2%.
   8. The skimmed milk sector should continue to ________ to 40% and then _________ around this figure.
   9. We will ______ long life milk to ________________ so that this sector will ___________ a _________ 20%.
  10. We ____________ a ____________ decline in the milk drink sector, and _________ an __________ fall to just 2%.

Part Ⅳ  More about the topic: Hungry for Hamburgers
Most young Americans like hamburgers. Their idea of a good meal is a hamburger, served with ketchup and French fried potatoes, which are called French fries. French fries are not considered foreign though they have a foreign name; most American children and teenagers love to eat them any time of the day.
The following short passage is about hamburgers. Supply the missing words while listening.
 
   There is an old saying that you cannot ________ a book by its _____. Now you can no longer_____ a hamburger by its ______. Many people think the beef that we call hamburger is ________ to eat if it has been ________ so that it is _____ on the inside. However, new research shows that some hamburger meat turns ________ during cooking before it reaches the necessary ___________ to kill harmful bacteria. The food _____ and inspection¹² service of the United States Agriculture Department says this may happen more _______ than had been _______. Yet some ________ say that some hamburgers cooked until they reach at least ______ Celsius¹³ still can be _______ inside instead of_____.
   US D.A. experts say hamburgers must be ______ until the meat reaches at least ______ Celsius. This temperature will _______ harmful bacteria. As a result of the conflicting ______ about what safe hamburgers should look like, US D.A. officials say people should not ______ on the ________ of cooked meat to ______ if it is safe to eat. Instead they ________ using a meat thermometer to ________ the temperature of hamburgers. The thermometer should be ________ into the thickest part of the hamburger.
   The food experts _________ that the thermometer should be _________  after each use. To test the thermometer, _________ the bottom part of it in a cup of _________ water. If it _________ is said correctly, it will read ________ Celsius. Because of the new hamburger warning, meat thermometers should be a ______ product for use this _____ of ____.
   Cooking hamburgers is part of _________ American Independence Day celebrations when the Americans _________ with family and friends to _________ eating together and _________ fireworks.
 
Part Ⅴ  Memory test: Who Smokes?
Leaves of the tabacco plant are smoked in various ways. Cigarettes are the most popular method of smoking. As recently as the 1940s, smoking was considered harmless, but laboratory and clinical research has since proved that cigarette smoke contains around 4 000 chemicals, some of which are highly toxic¹⁴. Nicotine¹⁵, a major constituent¹⁶ of tabacco smoke, is highly addictive¹⁷. Smoking greatly increases a smoker's risk for several diseases, chief of which is cancer.
You are going to hear a short passage about smoking (preferably only one time). After that you will hear some statements. Decide whether they are True or False. Put a "T" or F" in the brackets. While you are listening, don't forget to write down some key words in the notes column. Pay close attention to numbers.
   Notes
   _________________________  ____________________________
   _________________________  ____________________________
   _________________________  ____________________________
   _________________________  ____________________________
   _________________________  ____________________________
   _________________________  ____________________________

   1. (   )    2. (   )    3. (   )    4. (   )    5. (   )
   6. (   )    7. (   )    8. (   )    9. (   )   10. (   )
   

Part Ⅵ  Reminder of key points in this unit
    Verb & Verb Phrase   Noun & Noun Phrase Other
   Part Ⅰ increase  hamburger/surperburger to go
    produce  french fries         to eat
           coke                 recently
           apple pie         yearly
           ketchup 
           service counter 
           pepper 
           manufacturer 
           quantity 
           lung cancer 
   Part Ⅱ taste  Chinese fried rice all except
    get tired of  teenager         ground
       suppose  sirloin                 chopped
    compare  steak                 flattened
    divide  chuck                 tough
    press down  onion                 rare
    handle  mixture                 medium
    melt          patties                 well-done
    depend  frying pan 
    spread  roll 
           pickle 
   Part Ⅲ discuss  overview         outstanding
    represent  implication      substantially
    rocket  trend                 radically
    reflect  transparency         dramatically
    direct  pie chart         significant
    consider  sector share         initial
    remain  publicity         stable
    forecast  low fat diet         gradually
    level off  consumer resistance further
    expect  consumer awareness steadily
    project  content                 moderately
    present  full milk         marked
    anticipate  skimmed milk         eventual
    predict  long life milk         major
       interrupt  comment                 critical
    outline  graph 
    plot          decline 
    decline  factor 
    account for  milk drink 
   Part Ⅳ judge  research         harmful
    reach  bacteria         conflicting
    warn          inspection         popular
    gather  Agriculture Department traditional
           finding 
           thermometer 
           Independence Day 
           celebration 
           firework 
   Part Ⅴ manufacture  cigarette/cigar         widespread
    give up  threat                 regularly
    play a part in tabacco                 encouraging
    determine  adult                 be likely to
           population proportion 
           income  
           occupation 
           high school 
 

1 sodium   

n.（化）钠

参考例句：

• Out over the town the sodium lights were lit.在外面，全城的钠光灯都亮了。
• Common salt is a compound of sodium and chlorine.食盐是钠和氯的复合物。

2 pastry   

n.油酥面团，酥皮糕点

参考例句：

• The cook pricked a few holes in the pastry.厨师在馅饼上戳了几个洞。
• The pastry crust was always underdone.馅饼的壳皮常常烤得不透。

3 ketchup   

n.蕃茄酱，蕃茄沙司

参考例句：

• There's a spot of ketchup on the tablecloth.桌布上有一点番茄酱的渍斑。
• Could I have some ketchup and napkins,please?请给我一些番茄酱和纸手巾？

4 authentic   

a.真的，真正的；可靠的，可信的，有根据的

参考例句：

• This is an authentic news report. We can depend on it. 这是篇可靠的新闻报道, 我们相信它。
• Autumn is also the authentic season of renewal. 秋天才是真正的除旧布新的季节。

5 dealing   

n.经商方法，待人态度

参考例句：

• This store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing.该商店因买卖公道而享有极高的声誉。
• His fair dealing earned our confidence.他的诚实的行为获得我们的信任。

6 specially   

adv.特定地；特殊地；明确地

参考例句：

• They are specially packaged so that they stack easily.它们经过特别包装以便于堆放。
• The machine was designed specially for demolishing old buildings.这种机器是专为拆毁旧楼房而设计的。

7 calcium   

n.钙(化学符号Ca)

参考例句：

• We need calcium to make bones.我们需要钙来壮骨。
• Calcium is found most abundantly in milk.奶含钙最丰富。

8 sector   

n.部门，部分；防御地段，防区；扇形

参考例句：

• The export sector will aid the economic recovery. 出口产业将促进经济复苏。
• The enemy have attacked the British sector.敌人已进攻英国防区。

9 publicity   

n.众所周知，闻名；宣传，广告

参考例句：

• The singer star's marriage got a lot of publicity.这位歌星的婚事引起了公众的关注。
• He dismissed the event as just a publicity gimmick.他不理会这件事，只当它是一种宣传手法。

10 awareness   

n.意识，觉悟，懂事，明智

参考例句：

• There is a general awareness that smoking is harmful.人们普遍认识到吸烟有害健康。
• Environmental awareness has increased over the years.这些年来人们的环境意识增强了。

11 marketing   

n.行销，在市场的买卖，买东西

参考例句：

• They are developing marketing network.他们正在发展销售网络。
• He often goes marketing.他经常去市场做生意。

12 inspection   

n.检查，审查，检阅

参考例句：

• On random inspection the meat was found to be bad.经抽查，发现肉变质了。
• The soldiers lined up for their daily inspection by their officers.士兵们列队接受军官的日常检阅。

13 Celsius   

adj.摄氏温度计的，摄氏的

参考例句：

• The temperature tonight will fall to seven degrees Celsius.今晚气温将下降到七摄氏度。
• The maximum temperature in July may be 36 degrees Celsius.七月份最高温度可能达到36摄氏度。

14 toxic   

adj.有毒的，因中毒引起的

参考例句：

• The factory had accidentally released a quantity of toxic waste into the sea.这家工厂意外泄漏大量有毒废物到海中。
• There is a risk that toxic chemicals might be blasted into the atmosphere.爆炸后有毒化学物质可能会进入大气层。

15 nicotine   

n.(化)尼古丁，烟碱

参考例句：

• Many smokers who are chemically addicted to nicotine cannot cut down easily.许多有尼古丁瘾的抽烟人不容易把烟戒掉。
• Many smokers who are chemically addicted to nicotine cannot cut down easily.许多有尼古丁瘾的抽烟人不容易把烟戒掉。

16 constituent   

n.选民；成分，组分；adj.组成的，构成的

参考例句：

• Sugar is the main constituent of candy.食糖是糖果的主要成分。
• Fibre is a natural constituent of a healthy diet.纤维是健康饮食的天然组成部分。

17 addictive   

adj.(吸毒等)使成瘾的，成为习惯的

参考例句：

• The problem with video game is that they're addictive.电子游戏机的问题在于它们会使人上瘾。
• Cigarettes are highly addictive.香烟很容易使人上瘾。