历年考研英语阅读理解mp3(98-3)

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[00:05.80]1998 Passage3
[00:08.62]Science has long had an uneasy relationship
[00:11.94]with other aspects of culture.
[00:14.56]Think of Gallileo's 17th-century trial for his rebelling belief
[00:19.00]before the Catholic Church or poet William Blake's
[00:22.52]harsh remarks against the mechanistic worldview
[00:25.35]of Isaac Newton.
[00:27.46]The schism¹ between science and the humanities has,
[00:31.06]if anything, deepened in this century.
[00:34.69]Until recently, the scientific community was so powerful
[00:38.63]that it could afford to ignore its critics
[00:41.66]--but no longer.
[00:43.38]As funding for science has declined,
[00:45.90]scientists have attacked "antiscience" in several books,
[00:50.34]notably Higher Superstition², by Paul R.Gross,
[00:54.88]a biologist at the University of Virginia,
[00:58.10]and Norman Levitt,
[00:59.21]a mathematician³ at Rutgers University;
[01:02.23]and The Demon-Haunted World,
[01:04.65]by Carl Sagan of Cornell University.
[01:08.08]Defenders of science have also voiced their concerns
[01:11.71]at meetings such as "The Flight from Science and Reason,"
[01:15.86]held in New York City in 1995,
[01:19.08]and "Science in the Age of (Mis)information,"
[01:22.91]which assembled last June near Buffalo⁴.
[01:26.54]Antiscience clearly means different things to different people.
[01:31.27]Gross and Levitt find fault primarily with sociologists,
[01:35.71]philosophers and other academics
[01:38.23]who have questioned science's objectivity.
[01:41.15]Sagan is more concerned with those who believe in ghosts,
[01:44.77]creationism and other phenomena
[01:47.30]that contradict the scientific worldview.
[01:50.92]A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals
[01:54.93]that the antiscience tag has been attached to
[01:57.55]many other groups as well,
[01:59.77]from authorities who advocated the elimination
[02:02.18]of the last remaining stocks
[02:04.20]of smallpox⁵ virus to Republicans
[02:06.69]who advocated decreased funding for basic research.
[02:11.13]Few would dispute that the term applies to the Unabomber,
[02:15.25]whose manifesto⁶, published in 1995, scorns science
[02:20.20]and longs for return to a pretechnological utopia.
[02:24.22]But surely that does not mean environmentalists concerned
[02:27.85]about uncontrolled industrial growth are antiscience,
[02:31.79]as an essay in US News & World Report last May
[02:35.23]seemed to suggest.
[02:37.74]The environmentalists, inevitably⁷, respond to such critics.
[02:42.29]The true enemies of science,
[02:43.99]argues Paul Ehrlich of Stanford University,
[02:47.22]a pioneer of environmental studies, are those
[02:50.45]who question the evidence supporting global warming,
[02:53.88]the depletion⁸ of the ozone⁹ layer
[02:55.89]and other consequences of industrial growth.
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[02:59.94]Indeed, some observers fear that the antiscience epithet
[03:04.47]is in danger of becoming meaningless.
[03:07.50]"The term 'antiscience' can lump together too many,
[03:10.93]quite different things,"
[03:13.05]notes Harvard University philosopher Gerald Holton
[03:16.28]in his 1993 work Science and Anti-Science.
[03:20.51]"They have in common only one thing
[03:22.63]that they tend to annoy or threaten those
[03:25.00]who regard themselves as more enlightened."

1 schism   

n.分派，派系，分裂

参考例句：

• The church seems to be on the brink of schism.教会似乎处于分裂的边缘。
• While some predict schism,others predict a good old fashioned compromise.在有些人预测分裂的同时，另一些人预测了有益的老式妥协。

2 superstition   

n.迷信，迷信行为

参考例句：

• It's a common superstition that black cats are unlucky.认为黑猫不吉祥是一种很普遍的迷信。
• Superstition results from ignorance.迷信产生于无知。

3 mathematician   

n.数学家

参考例句：

• The man with his back to the camera is a mathematician.背对着照相机的人是位数学家。
• The mathematician analyzed his figures again.这位数学家再次分析研究了他的这些数字。

4 buffalo   

n.(北美)野牛；(亚洲)水牛

参考例句：

• Asian buffalo isn't as wild as that of America's. 亚洲水牛比美洲水牛温顺些。
• The boots are made of buffalo hide. 这双靴子是由水牛皮制成的。

5 smallpox   

n.天花

参考例句：

• In 1742 he suffered a fatal attack of smallpox.1742年，他染上了致命的天花。
• Were you vaccinated against smallpox as a child?你小时候打过天花疫苗吗？

6 manifesto   

n.宣言，声明

参考例句：

• I was involved in the preparation of Labour's manifesto.我参与了工党宣言的起草工作。
• His manifesto promised measures to protect them.他在宣言里保证要为他们采取保护措施。

7 inevitably   

adv.不可避免地；必然发生地

参考例句：

• In the way you go on,you are inevitably coming apart.照你们这样下去，毫无疑问是会散伙的。
• Technological changes will inevitably lead to unemployment.技术变革必然会导致失业。

8 depletion   

n.耗尽，枯竭

参考例句：

• Increased consumption of water has led to rapid depletion of groundwater reserves.用水量的增加导致了地下水贮备迅速枯竭。
• Farmers should rotate crops every season to prevent depletion of the soil.农夫每季应该要轮耕，以免耗尽土壤。

9 ozone   

n.臭氧，新鲜空气

参考例句：

• The ozone layer is a protective layer around the planet Earth.臭氧层是地球的保护层。
• The capacity of ozone can adjust according of requirement.臭氧的产量可根据需要或调节。