历届美国总统简介：托马斯·杰斐逊

托马斯·杰斐逊（英语：Thomas Jefferson，1743年4月13日－1826年7月4日），美利坚合众国第三任总统（1801年─1809年）。同时也是《美国独立宣言》主要起草人，及美国开国元勋中最具影响力者之一。

除了政治事业外，杰斐逊同时也是农业学、园艺学、建筑学、词源学、考古学、数学、密码学、测量学与古生物学等学科的专家；又身兼作家、律师与小提琴手；也是弗吉尼亚大学的创办人。许多人认为他是历任美国总统中，智慧最高者。

他在任期间保护农业，发展民族资本主义工业。从法国手中购买路易斯安那州，使美国领土近乎增加了一倍。

 

Thomas Jefferson was the third President of the United States. He was born in 1743 in Virginia and died on July 4, 1826. He was the third of ten children and grew up on his father’s 5,000-acre plantation¹. He studied law at college. Jefferson is frequently listed as one of the USA’s greatest Presidents. He was also one of its most powerful advocates of personal freedom and envisioned a great “Empire of Liberty”.

 

Jefferson became a lawyer in 1767 and had a great love of books. He was a very eloquent² correspondent using the written word, but was no public speaker. At the age of 33, Jefferson drafted the Declaration of Independence. In the following years, he labored³ to make its words a reality in Virginia. Most notably⁴, he wrote a bill establishing religious freedom, which became law in 1786.

 

Jefferson succeeded Benjamin Franklin as minister to France in 1785. His sympathy for the French Revolution led him into conflict with the party of the Federalists. He gradually assumed leadership of the Republicans and became Vice⁵ President in 1796. In 1801, he became America’s third President and served from 1801 to 1809. He advocated tax cuts and presided over the abolition⁶ of the slave trade in 1807.

 

While in Office, Jefferson purchased the vast Louisiana Territory from France in 1803 and authorized⁷ expeditions to explore the new west. He also established the University of Virginia and the US Military Academy at West Point. He is remembered by the Jefferson Memorial in Washington and as one of the four sculpted⁸ presidents on the Mount Rushmore Memorial. He also appears on US postage stamps.

 

 

1 plantation   

n.种植园，大农场

参考例句：

• His father-in-law is a plantation manager.他岳父是个种植园经营者。
• The plantation owner has possessed himself of a vast piece of land.这个种植园主把大片土地占为己有。

2 eloquent   

adj.雄辩的，口才流利的；明白显示出的

参考例句：

• He was so eloquent that he cut down the finest orator.他能言善辩，胜过最好的演说家。
• These ruins are an eloquent reminder of the horrors of war.这些废墟形象地提醒人们不要忘记战争的恐怖。

3 labored   

adj.吃力的，谨慎的v.努力争取(for)( labor的过去式和过去分词 )；苦干；详细分析；（指引擎）缓慢而困难地运转

参考例句：

• I was close enough to the elk to hear its labored breathing. 我离那头麋鹿非常近，能听见它吃力的呼吸声。 来自辞典例句
• They have labored to complete the job. 他们努力完成这一工作。 来自辞典例句

4 notably   

adv.值得注意地，显著地，尤其地，特别地

参考例句：

• Many students were absent,notably the monitor.许多学生缺席，特别是连班长也没来。
• A notably short,silver-haired man,he plays basketball with his staff several times a week.他个子明显较为矮小，一头银发，每周都会和他的员工一起打几次篮球。

5 vice   

n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的

参考例句：

• He guarded himself against vice.他避免染上坏习惯。
• They are sunk in the depth of vice.他们堕入了罪恶的深渊。

6 abolition   

n.废除，取消

参考例句：

• They declared for the abolition of slavery.他们声明赞成废除奴隶制度。
• The abolition of the monarchy was part of their price.废除君主制是他们的其中一部分条件。

7 authorized   

a.委任的，许可的

参考例句：

• An administrative order is valid if authorized by a statute.如果一个行政命令得到一个法规的认可那么这个命令就是有效的。

8 sculpted   

adj.经雕塑的

参考例句：

• a display of animals sculpted in ice 冰雕动物展
• The ladies had their hair sculpted by the leading coiffeur of the day. 女士们的发型都是当代有名的理发师做的。