历届美国总统简介：马丁·范布伦

马丁·范布伦（Martin Van Buren，1782年12月5日－1862年7月24日），美国第八任副总统（1833年－1837年）及第八任总统（1837年－1841年），他是《美国独立宣言》正式签署后出生的第一位总统。[1] 

祖籍荷兰，是第一位荷兰裔美国总统。1821年，范布伦当选为美国参议员，后又担任第十一任纽约州州长。安德鲁·杰克逊总统第一任时，范布伦进入内阁任国务卿。1832年范布伦被提名为克逊的副总统（第八任美国副总统），并于1835年被提名为总统候选人。1836年，范布伦击败辉格党（现共和党前身）的四名对手，当选为总统。四年后竞选连任未成。后来又两度参加竞选，皆遭到失败，从此退出政坛，影息故乡。1862年7月24日，他于肯德胡克附近自己的庄园中去世。[1-2] 

1962年历史学家投票排名：马丁·范布伦在31位总统中排名第17位；在12位“普通总统”中排名第6。他排在门罗之上，塔夫脱之下。

 

Martin Van Buren was the eighth President of the United States, serving one term in office. He was born on December 5, 1782 in Kinderhook, New York and died of heart failure in 1862. His father was a tavern¹ keeper and farmer. Van Buren was the first president born as a citizen of the U.S.A., as all previous presidents were born before the American Revolution.

 

Van Buren studied law and entered New York politics at the age of 17. He faithfully fulfilled his official duties for a decade and a half. His skill at gathering² support for his party earned him the nickname “The Little Magician”. In 1821, he was elected to the United States Senate representing New York. President Andrew Jackson rewarded Van Buren’s loyalty³ by appointing him Secretary of State in 1829.

 

Van Buren’s rise to the Presidency⁴ continued in 1833 when he was appointed Andrew Jackson’s Vice⁵ President. Van Buren was President Jackson’s first choice to take over from him from 1837. He easily won the 1836 election. Van Buren devoted⁶ his Inaugural⁷ Address to explaining how the American experiment and its prosperity was an example to the rest of the world.

 

His Presidency was largely dominated by the recession that followed the “Panic of 1837”. Hundreds of banks and businesses failed. Thousands lost their land. It was the worst depression to hit America in its short history. Many blamed him for it and nicknamed him "Martin Van Ruin". He was voted out of office in 1840 and was an unsuccessful candidate for President as an independent in 1848. He died in 1862.

 

 

1 tavern   

n.小旅馆，客栈；小酒店

参考例句：

• There is a tavern at the corner of the street.街道的拐角处有一家酒馆。
• Philip always went to the tavern,with a sense of pleasure.菲利浦总是心情愉快地来到这家酒菜馆。

2 gathering   

n.集会，聚会，聚集

参考例句：

• He called on Mr. White to speak at the gathering.他请怀特先生在集会上讲话。
• He is on the wing gathering material for his novels.他正忙于为他的小说收集资料。

3 loyalty   

n.忠诚，忠心

参考例句：

• She told him the truth from a sense of loyalty.她告诉他真相是出于忠诚。
• His loyalty to his friends was never in doubt.他对朋友的一片忠心从来没受到怀疑。

4 presidency   

n.总统(校长，总经理)的职位(任期)

参考例句：

• Roosevelt was elected four times to the presidency of the United States.罗斯福连续当选四届美国总统。
• Two candidates are emerging as contestants for the presidency.两位候选人最终成为总统职位竞争者。

5 vice   

n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的

参考例句：

• He guarded himself against vice.他避免染上坏习惯。
• They are sunk in the depth of vice.他们堕入了罪恶的深渊。

6 devoted   

adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的

参考例句：

• He devoted his life to the educational cause of the motherland.他为祖国的教育事业贡献了一生。
• We devoted a lengthy and full discussion to this topic.我们对这个题目进行了长时间的充分讨论。

7 inaugural   

adj.就职的；n.就职典礼

参考例句：

• We listened to the President's inaugural speech on the radio yesterday.昨天我们通过无线电听了总统的就职演说。
• Professor Pearson gave the inaugural lecture in the new lecture theatre.皮尔逊教授在新的阶梯讲堂发表了启用演说。