历届美国总统简介：约翰·泰勒

约翰·泰勒（James Tyler 1790年3月29日[庚戌年]-1862年1月18日[壬戌年]），美国第十任总统，辉格党人，是第一个因在任总统逝世而以副总统继任为总统的人。在他的坚持下，副总统得在继任总统之后取得和总统一样的地位。约翰·泰勒1841年就任副总统，一个月后继任总统，迅速巩固了手中的权力。在任期间，改组美国海军；建立美国气象局；结束了佛罗里达州的第二次塞诺米尔战争。1861年初，主持华盛顿和平会议以调解南北方分歧。南北战争爆发后，加入美利坚联盟国的议会，1862年逝世。

John Tyler was the tenth President of the United States, serving between 1841 and 1845. He was dubbed¹ "His Accidency" by his opponents because he was the first Vice²-President to be elevated to the office of President by the death of his predecessor³. Tyler was born in Virginia in 1790 on his father’s plantation⁴. He studied law and was admitted to the bar at the age of 19, against bar regulations.

 

Tyler started his political career at an early age. At the age of 21, he was elected to the Virginia House of Delegates, where he served five successive one-year terms. He then went on to sit in the House of Representatives from 1816 to 1821. Tyler voted against most nationalist legislation. As a Senator he reluctantly supported Jackson for President as a choice between several evils.

 

The Whigs nominated Tyler for Vice President in 1840, hoping for support from southern states. Suddenly, incumbent⁵ President Harrison was dead after just 30 days in office and Tyler was in the White House. He insisted upon assuming the full powers of a duly elected President and even delivered an Inaugural⁶ Address. He was to have a troubled time as president.

 

Tyler’s cabinet resigned over his economic policy. They expelled him from his own party and sent him hundreds of letters threatening to assassinate⁷ him. The House of Representatives initiated⁸ the first impeachment⁹ proceedings¹⁰ against a president in U.S. history. It failed. He did succeed in keeping his promise to annex¹¹ the Republic of Texas, which became the 28th state in 1845. Tyler died in 1862, aged¹² 71.

1 dubbed   

v.给…起绰号( dub的过去式和过去分词 )；把…称为；配音；复制

参考例句：

• Mathematics was once dubbed the handmaiden of the sciences. 数学曾一度被视为各门科学的基础。
• Is the movie dubbed or does it have subtitles? 这部电影是配音的还是打字幕的？ 来自《简明英汉词典》

2 vice   

n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的

参考例句：

• He guarded himself against vice.他避免染上坏习惯。
• They are sunk in the depth of vice.他们堕入了罪恶的深渊。

3 predecessor   

n.前辈，前任

参考例句：

• It will share the fate of its predecessor.它将遭受与前者同样的命运。
• The new ambassador is more mature than his predecessor.新大使比他的前任更成熟一些。

4 plantation   

n.种植园，大农场

参考例句：

• His father-in-law is a plantation manager.他岳父是个种植园经营者。
• The plantation owner has possessed himself of a vast piece of land.这个种植园主把大片土地占为己有。

5 incumbent   

adj.成为责任的，有义务的；现任的，在职的

参考例句：

• He defeated the incumbent governor by a large plurality.他以压倒多数票击败了现任州长。
• It is incumbent upon you to warn them.你有责任警告他们。

6 inaugural   

adj.就职的；n.就职典礼

参考例句：

• We listened to the President's inaugural speech on the radio yesterday.昨天我们通过无线电听了总统的就职演说。
• Professor Pearson gave the inaugural lecture in the new lecture theatre.皮尔逊教授在新的阶梯讲堂发表了启用演说。

7 assassinate   

vt.暗杀，行刺，中伤

参考例句：

• The police exposed a criminal plot to assassinate the president.警方侦破了一个行刺总统的阴谋。
• A plot to assassinate the banker has been uncovered by the police.暗杀银行家的密谋被警方侦破了。

8 initiated   

n. 创始人 adj. 新加入的 vt. 开始，创始，启蒙，介绍加入

参考例句：

• He has not yet been thoroughly initiated into the mysteries of computers. 他对计算机的奥秘尚未入门。
• The artist initiated the girl into the art world in France. 这个艺术家介绍这个女孩加入巴黎艺术界。

9 impeachment   

n.弹劾；控告；怀疑

参考例句：

• Impeachment is considered a drastic measure in the United States.在美国，弹劾被视为一种非常激烈的措施。
• The verdict resulting from his impeachment destroyed his political career.他遭弹劾后得到的判决毁了他的政治生涯。

10 proceedings   

n.进程，过程，议程；诉讼(程序)；公报

参考例句：

• He was released on bail pending committal proceedings. 他交保获释正在候审。
• to initiate legal proceedings against sb 对某人提起诉讼

11 annex   

vt.兼并，吞并；n.附属建筑物

参考例句：

• It plans to annex an England company in order to enlarge the market.它计划兼并一家英国公司以扩大市场。
• The annex has been built on to the main building.主楼配建有附属的建筑物。

12 aged   

adj.年老的，陈年的

参考例句：

• He had put on weight and aged a little.他胖了，也老点了。
• He is aged,but his memory is still good.他已年老，然而记忆力还好。