密歇根新闻广播 部落帮助传统南瓜品种回归

There's an ancient variety of squash that was largely forgotten about. But it's been rediscovered.

Tribes around the Great Lakes region are sharing the seeds of this squash with each other and with small farmers.

Sarah Hofman-Graham works at Eighth Day Farm in Holland, Michigan. She invited me to a dinner party featuring a soup made from an ancient squash. The soup tasted sweet and mild.

Last year, the farm was given seeds of a mystery squash. They didn't know what to expect when they planted it.

"I definitely didn't have a firm idea of what kind of squash it was going to grow or even what the plant was going to look like necessarily—it was just a fantastic surprise!" she says.

The seeds grew into massive bright orange squashes: more than two feet long.

The seeds of this squash were passed through a couple of pairs of hands before they got to the farm.

I made some calls and traced them back to Paul DeMain.

He's of Ojibwe descent and a member of the Oneida Nation of Wisconsin, and he's the editor of News from Indian Country.

"The squash and the seeds that are going around now have provoked quite a bit of excitement in the native community because it is an indigenous¹ seed," he says.

DeMain says his seeds originally came from the Miami tribe in Indiana. They're thought to be from a line that's somewhere between 1,000 to 2,000 years old.

And he says there's at least one other story circulating about these seeds (he says it's possible several stories have morphed together over time):

"A finding during a construction project somewhere in Wisconsin in which a clay vessel² was unearthed³, and there were seeds in it that were regrown, and allegedly these seeds were dated about 850-900 years ago," he says.

Some say the story of the clay vessel is an urban myth.

But regardless, DeMain says people are excited to have these seeds back in circulation, and they've been sharing the seeds with each other over the past couple of years.

"It really is as communities begin healing after a hundred years of decline, of displacement⁴; it comes along with a revival⁵ of the language, the revival of songs and ceremonies," he says.

The seed library

One tribe in Michigan wants to make sure these seeds stay around a lot longer.

I recently visited Kevin Finney, the executive director of the Jijak Foundation. It's a nonprofit group that's part of the Gun Lake Band of Pottawatomi in Hopkins, Michigan.

Finney took me to a small basement room in the Jijak office, to show me the menomineekanin seed library.

There are dozens of glass jars on wooden shelves, with native varieties of corn, beans, tobacco, watermelon, and ancient squash.

Finney opened a jar of the seeds of the ancient squash—it's called Gete Okosman: gete means ancient, or something from a long time ago and okosman is the word for squash.

"They're big just like the squash. They're big and really fat and that's a good thing for a seed," he says.

He calls the ancient squash heroic.

"This squash has re-emerged; it's an ancient, lost and forgotten thing. It's a champion for all of these seeds," he says. "They were forgotten and all of them are making their re-emergence again."

Sharing knowledge along with seeds

Finney says native farmers around the region can borrow seeds.

"Like a library, they check out seeds and they will grow a certain variety of corn or beans or tobacco or squash and at the end of the year, they send us back a return on those seeds as well as keeping some," he says.

When a person checks out a seed, they also get a copy of the oral history that comes along with the seed, things such as: where did the seed come from, what are your stories from your family about this seed, how does it grow best?

Finney says he wants people outside the tribes to know about these foods, too.

"Maybe success is, if you live here in West Michigan, you understand and maybe everyone's aware of what Anishanabe food is and the accessibility to these foods becomes very accessible for people. This is sustainability for everyone and local food for everyone," he says.

The tribe is also reviving traditional farming methods here on 200 acres.

Yebishawn Old Shield is working in the greenhouse. She says she thinks about how long the ancient squash seeds have lasted.

"There is spirit within those seeds. So that's why we want to keep revitalizing things like this, and keep building things like this, to provide for those next seven generations," she says. "And also thinking about those ones that were in the past seven generations, that because of them, we're here, because of them those seeds are still here as well."

She says the work they're doing here is building what they call food sovereignty: growing their own food in traditional ways, on tribal⁶ land.

1 indigenous   

adj.土产的，土生土长的，本地的

参考例句：

• Each country has its own indigenous cultural tradition.每个国家都有自己本土的文化传统。
• Indians were the indigenous inhabitants of America.印第安人是美洲的土著居民。

2 vessel   

n.船舶；容器，器皿；管，导管，血管

参考例句：

• The vessel is fully loaded with cargo for Shanghai.这艘船满载货物驶往上海。
• You should put the water into a vessel.你应该把水装入容器中。

3 unearthed   

出土的（考古）

参考例句：

• Many unearthed cultural relics are set forth in the exhibition hall. 展览馆里陈列着许多出土文物。
• Some utensils were in a state of decay when they were unearthed. 有些器皿在出土时已经残破。

4 displacement   

n.移置，取代，位移，排水量

参考例句：

• They said that time is the feeling of spatial displacement.他们说时间是空间位移的感觉。
• The displacement of all my energy into caring for the baby.我所有精力都放在了照顾宝宝上。

5 revival   

n.复兴，复苏，（精力、活力等的）重振

参考例句：

• The period saw a great revival in the wine trade.这一时期葡萄酒业出现了很大的复苏。
• He claimed the housing market was showing signs of a revival.他指出房地产市场正出现复苏的迹象。

6 tribal   

adj.部族的，种族的

参考例句：

• He became skilled in several tribal lingoes.他精通几种部族的语言。
• The country was torn apart by fierce tribal hostilities.那个国家被部落间的激烈冲突弄得四分五裂。