密歇根新闻广播 仿生人体模型让学生更好地为护理工作培训练习

These mannequins are eerie¹. From the frozen look on their faces to their mouths which are almost always slightly ajar.

Then there's the stuff they can do. The mannequins can "breathe" with a chest that rises and falls. They can convulse and bleed and vomit² and even birth a baby.

The entire point of these high-fidelity mannequins is to make them as realistic as possible, so they can be an effective learning tool for future medical professionals.

The mannequins are the star of the show in what's known as simulation-based medical learning. The idea is to create realistic scenarios⁴ that medical professionals will face, in settings that are as realistic as possible. Think of it as a low-stakes way for students to practice high-stakes situations, where they can make mistakes and learn.

That's what's happening at the University of Michigan's School of Nursing Clinical Learning Center, where there are six simulation rooms where nursing students can work with a roster⁵ of 30 mannequins in 100 different medical scenarios. The mannequins come in a variety of skin tones and sizes, including infant mannequins.

Each simulation room has a one-way mirror that connects to a smaller control room. Here's what the School of Nursing says on its website: 

"From the Control Room, instructors⁶ control the mannequins and observe via one-way glass as students participate in the simulation. Within a faculty-created scenario³, students are able to practice skills, including tracheostomy care, wound care, urinary catheterization care, CPR, injections, chest tube insertion, and shocking of the heart to name a few. More importantly, they learn to assess, plan care, react to changes in their patients and the environment, problem solve, and think critically. Instructors can film and record students' simulations for later and more in-depth review."

Students are coached to take everything as seriously and realistically as possible when working with a patient (also known as a mannequin), during a simulation. That's what Kathleen Potempa, the Dean at the University of Michigan School of Nursing, says.

"The students become attached to that real life situation and we do debriefings afterwards, not only to help the students learn what went well and what needs improvement, but if there are some significant, drastic changes in the patient that are not good, we help debrief⁷." Potempa says that includes addressing the emotional reaction the students might have in a scenario.

These high-tech⁸ mannequins and simulations are a big improvement from how some nursing instructors trained decades-ago, when they practiced giving injections and exams on low-tech mannequins and sometimes even each other. For today's students, pretending to be in high-stress medical situations can help them when they're in the real ones. Plus, if students can practice and learn in a safe space, they're more likely to retain that information in the future.

1 eerie   

adj.怪诞的；奇异的；可怕的；胆怯的

参考例句：

• It's eerie to walk through a dark wood at night.夜晚在漆黑的森林中行走很是恐怖。
• I walked down the eerie dark path.我走在那条漆黑恐怖的小路上。

2 vomit   

v.呕吐，作呕；n.呕吐物，吐出物

参考例句：

• They gave her salty water to make her vomit.他们给她喝盐水好让她吐出来。
• She was stricken by pain and began to vomit.她感到一阵疼痛，开始呕吐起来。

3 scenario   

n.剧本，脚本；概要

参考例句：

• But the birth scenario is not completely accurate.然而分娩脚本并非完全准确的。
• This is a totally different scenario.这是完全不同的剧本。

4 scenarios   

n.[意]情节；剧本；事态；脚本

参考例句：

• Further, graphite cores may be safer than non-graphite cores under some accident scenarios. 再者，根据一些事故解说，石墨堆芯可比非石墨堆芯更安全一些。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法
• Again, scenarios should make it clear which modes are acceptable to users in various contexts. 同样，我们可以运用场景剧本来搞清楚在不同情境下哪些模式可被用户接受。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓

5 roster   

n.值勤表，花名册

参考例句：

• The teacher checked the roster to see whom he would teach this year.老师查看花名册，想了解今年要教的学生。
• The next day he put himself first on the new roster for domestic chores.第二天，他把自己排在了新的家务值日表的第一位。

6 instructors   

指导者，教师( instructor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The instructors were slacking on the job. 教员们对工作松松垮垮。
• He was invited to sit on the rostrum as a representative of extramural instructors. 他以校外辅导员身份，被邀请到主席台上。

7 debrief   

v.向…询问情况，听取汇报

参考例句：

• The men have been debriefed by British and Saudi officials.英国和沙特阿拉伯的官员听取了他们的情况汇报。
• He went to Rio after the CIA had debriefed him.他向中央情报局汇报完任务执行情况后就去了里约热内卢。

8 high-tech   

adj.高科技的

参考例句：

• The economy is in the upswing which makes high-tech services in more demand too.经济在蓬勃发展，这就使对高科技服务的需求量也在加大。
• The quest of a cure for disease with high-tech has never ceased. 人们希望运用高科技治疗疾病的追求从未停止过。