美国国家公共电台 NPR In A First, Spain's Prado Museum Puts The Spotlight On A Female Artist

In A First, Spain's Prado Museum Puts The Spotlight¹ On A Female Artist

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The National Art Museum in Spain, the Prado, has one of the world's biggest collections of renaissance³ and baroque art. This museum first opened its doors almost 200 years ago. And in all that time, it has never devoted⁴ a solo exhibition to a female artist, until now, when it features a 17th-century Flemish painter. Lauren Frayer had a look.

LAUREN FRAYER, BYLINE⁵: Not much is known about the life of Clara Peeters, even how old she was in 1607 when she painted her first known work - a dark, intricate still life of a candlestick next to a sprig of rosemary and a glass of wine. Her works have hung in the Prado for years, mixed in with other artists from the Baroque period in Northern Europe. But until now, she never had a room of her own.

ALEJANDRO VERGARA: I'm Alejandro Vergara, and I'm the senior curator of Northern European paintings at the Prado.

FRAYER: Alejandro Vergara chose Peeters to be the first woman ever to have her own show at the Prado. It all started, actually, with his wife.

VERGARA: Visiting the museum one day, she told me, where are the women artists? And I couldn't find any, so I went into our storage, and we brought her paintings out.

FRAYER: Still-life paintings by Clara Peeters with the artist's own reflection.

VERGARA: You see that tiny face up there? Here in the metal lid of a clay jug⁶, you can see her face - barely see it.

FRAYER: She painted tiny self-portraits hidden in her compositions. It became her trademark⁷ and tells us something about a woman holding the paint brush.

VERGARA: Someone who's, you know, discreet⁸ and modest but really is seducing⁹ you into looking closely and carefully. And when you do that, you find her, so she's really trying to be seen.

FRAYER: Trying to be seen in the 17th-century art world run by all-male guilds¹⁰. There's more parity¹¹ in modern art, but when you walk through collections of medieval, renaissance or baroque art, it's mostly male artists.

MICOL HEBRON: I think there have been equal numbers of male and female artists. It's just that we have history being told exclusively through male eyes and voices.

FRAYER: Micol Hebron is a feminist¹² artist and activist¹³ who launched Gallery Tally¹⁴, a survey of gender¹⁵ in hundreds of museums and galleries around the world. Even in contemporary art, she found a roughly 70-30 split of male versus¹⁶ female artists on display. With older art, it's even harder to find women, but that doesn't mean they weren't there, she says.

HEBRON: There were many women artists who took on the names of male artists or who had anonymous¹⁷ attributions to their work or who were doing the work in - in male artists' studios and were under-acknowledged. A lot of that information is no longer secret.

FRAYER: And museums are starting to act. In conjunction with the Clara Peeters exhibition, the Prado is hosting an academic conference on women in art organized by Maria Cruz de Carlos.

MARIA CRUZ DE CARLOS: The historical facts deny that idea that women didn't have a presence in the arts. They always did. It's art history who has hidden that presence.

FRAYER: She says stodgy¹⁸, old art museums rooted in tradition are slowly changing. The Prado's collection includes more than 5,000 male artists and 41 women, though it likely has more, labeled as anonymous, Carlos says. As women emerge from behind those works, they reveal their role in an art world mistakenly seen for centuries as all-male. Clara Peeters made that clear, with her self-portraits popping out of dark corners in her still-life paintings, demanding to be seen. For NPR News, I'm Lauren Frayer in Madrid.

1 spotlight   

n.公众注意的中心，聚光灯，探照灯，视听，注意，醒目

参考例句：

• This week the spotlight is on the world of fashion.本周引人瞩目的是时装界。
• The spotlight followed her round the stage.聚光灯的光圈随着她在舞台上转。

2 browser   

n.浏览者

参考例句：

• View edits in a web browser.在浏览器中看编辑的效果。
• I think my browser has a list of shareware links.我想在浏览器中会有一系列的共享软件链接。

3 renaissance   

n.复活，复兴，文艺复兴

参考例句：

• The Renaissance was an epoch of unparalleled cultural achievement.文艺复兴是一个文化上取得空前成就的时代。
• The theme of the conference is renaissance Europe.大会的主题是文艺复兴时期的欧洲。

4 devoted   

adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的

参考例句：

• He devoted his life to the educational cause of the motherland.他为祖国的教育事业贡献了一生。
• We devoted a lengthy and full discussion to this topic.我们对这个题目进行了长时间的充分讨论。

5 byline   

n.署名；v.署名

参考例句：

• His byline was absent as well.他的署名也不见了。
• We wish to thank the author of this article which carries no byline.我们要感谢这篇文章的那位没有署名的作者。

6 jug   

n.(有柄，小口，可盛水等的)大壶，罐，盂

参考例句：

• He walked along with a jug poised on his head.他头上顶着一个水罐，保持着平衡往前走。
• She filled the jug with fresh water.她将水壶注满了清水。

7 trademark   

n.商标；特征；vt.注册的…商标

参考例句：

• The trademark is registered on the book of the Patent Office.该商标已在专利局登记注册。
• The trademark of the pen was changed.这钢笔的商标改了。

8 discreet   

adj.(言行)谨慎的；慎重的；有判断力的

参考例句：

• He is very discreet in giving his opinions.发表意见他十分慎重。
• It wasn't discreet of you to ring me up at the office.你打电话到我办公室真是太鲁莽了。

9 seducing   

诱奸( seduce的现在分词 )； 勾引； 诱使堕落； 使入迷

参考例句：

• He got into trouble for seducing the daughter of a respectable tradesman. 他因为引诱一个有名望的商人的女儿而惹上了麻烦。
• Chao Hsin-mei, you scoundrel, you shameless wretch, seducing a married woman. 赵辛楣，你这混帐东西！无耻家伙！引诱有夫之妇。

10 guilds   

行会，同业公会，协会( guild的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• View list of the guilds that Small has war on. 看目前有哪些公会是我们公会开战的对象及对我们开战的对象。
• Guilds and kingdoms fit more with the Middle Age fantasy genre. （裴）:公会和王国更适合中世纪奇幻类型。

11 parity   

n.平价，等价，比价，对等

参考例句：

• The two currencies have now reached parity.这两种货币现已达到同等价值。
• Women have yet to achieve wage or occupational parity in many fields.女性在很多领域还没能争取到薪金、职位方面的平等。

12 feminist   

adj.主张男女平等的，女权主义的

参考例句：

• She followed the feminist movement.她支持女权运动。
• From then on,feminist studies on literature boomed.从那时起，男女平等受教育的现象开始迅速兴起。

13 activist   

n.活动分子，积极分子

参考例句：

• He's been a trade union activist for many years.多年来他一直是工会的积极分子。
• He is a social activist in our factory.他是我厂的社会活动积极分子。

14 tally   

n.计数器，记分，一致，测量；vt.计算，记录，使一致；vi.计算，记分，一致

参考例句：

• Don't forget to keep a careful tally of what you spend.别忘了仔细记下你的开支账目。
• The facts mentioned in the report tally to every detail.报告中所提到的事实都丝毫不差。

15 gender   

n.（生理上的）性，（名词、代词等的）性

参考例句：

• French differs from English in having gender for all nouns.法语不同于英语，所有的名词都有性。
• Women are sometimes denied opportunities solely because of their gender.妇女有时仅仅因为性别而无法获得种种机会。

16 versus   

prep.以…为对手，对；与…相比之下

参考例句：

• The big match tonight is England versus Spain.今晚的大赛是英格兰对西班牙。
• The most exciting game was Harvard versus Yale.最富紧张刺激的球赛是哈佛队对耶鲁队。

17 anonymous   

adj.无名的；匿名的；无特色的

参考例句：

• Sending anonymous letters is a cowardly act.寄匿名信是懦夫的行为。
• The author wishes to remain anonymous.作者希望姓名不公开。

18 stodgy   

adj.易饱的；笨重的；滞涩的；古板的

参考例句：

• It wasn't easy to lose puppy fat when Mum fed her on stodgy home cooking.母亲给她吃易饱的家常菜，她想减掉婴儿肥可是很难。
• The gateman was a stodgy fellow of 60.看门人是个六十岁的矮胖子。