美国国家公共电台 NPR Computer Scientists Demonstrate The Potential For Faking Video

 

DAVID GREENE, HOST:

We have an update now from the wild, Wild West of fake news technology. This is a little scary. A team of computer scientists figured out how to make words come out of the mouth of former President Barack Obama on video by using artificial intelligence. NPR's Aarti Shahani explains.

AARTI SHAHANI, BYLINE¹: If you've been on the internet at any point in the last year, there's a good chance you've come across fake news articles. Well, soon enough we may see a wellspring of fake news videos. As a team out of the University of Washington explains in a new paper, they've made several fake videos of President Obama.

(SOUNDBITE OF YOUTUBE VIDEO, "SYNTHESIZING OBAMA: LEARNING LIP SYNC FROM AUDIO")

BARACK OBAMA: The investigation² is ongoing³. But we know that the killer⁴ was an angry and disturbed individual who took in extremist information and propaganda over the internet.

SHAHANI: Obama did, in fact, say these words about the Pulse nightclub shooter. But the computer scientists could make it look like he said them in places different from where he actually did - could be a room at the White House or during a visit to the Vatican.

It could also look like he said them at a different time - say as a much younger Obama.

(SOUNDBITE OF YOUTUBE VIDEO, "SYNTHESIZING OBAMA: LEARNING LIP SYNC FROM AUDIO")

OBAMA: We are and we will keep doing everything in our power to stop these kinds of attacks.

SHAHANI: The researchers did this not by cutting and pasting his body into different scenes, but by having a neural⁵ net, a computer system, study hours and hours of video footage to see how Obama's mouth moves so that computers could then manipulate his lips, contort them to have any word come out. In this experiment, they didn't make up things for him to say. But they did manipulate his mouth to seamlessly cut out entire sentences from speeches he'd given on camera and even to change the order of sentences.

(SOUNDBITE OF YOUTUBE VIDEO, "SYNTHESIZING OBAMA: LEARNING LIP SYNC FROM AUDIO")

OBAMA: Enrollment⁶ is open right now but only until January 31. Go to healthcare.gov.

SHAHANI: In that speech as Obama originally gave it, those two sentences were in reverse order, and there were many other words in between. Researchers chose Obama because there's so much high-definition video available of him to study. In principle, the artificial intelligence that studied him could be used to make others lip sync, too. Aarti Shahani, NPR News.

1 byline   

n.署名；v.署名

参考例句：

• His byline was absent as well.他的署名也不见了。
• We wish to thank the author of this article which carries no byline.我们要感谢这篇文章的那位没有署名的作者。

2 investigation   

n.调查，调查研究

参考例句：

• In an investigation,a new fact became known, which told against him.在调查中新发现了一件对他不利的事实。
• He drew the conclusion by building on his own investigation.他根据自己的调查研究作出结论。

3 ongoing   

adj.进行中的，前进的

参考例句：

• The problem is ongoing.这个问题尚未解决。
• The issues raised in the report relate directly to Age Concern's ongoing work in this area.报告中提出的问题与“关心老人”组织在这方面正在做的工作有直接的关系。

4 killer   

n.杀人者，杀人犯，杀手，屠杀者

参考例句：

• Heart attacks have become Britain's No.1 killer disease.心脏病已成为英国的头号致命疾病。
• The bulk of the evidence points to him as her killer.大量证据证明是他杀死她的。

5 neural   

adj.神经的，神经系统的

参考例句：

• The neural network can preferably solve the non- linear problem.利用神经网络建模可以较好地解决非线性问题。
• The information transmission in neural system depends on neurotransmitters.信息传递的神经途径有赖于神经递质。

6 enrollment   

n.注册或登记的人数；登记

参考例句：

• You will be given a reading list at enrollment.注册时你会收到一份阅读书目。
• I just got the enrollment notice from Fudan University.我刚刚接到复旦大学的入学通知书。