美国国家公共电台 NPR Now That Calorie Labels Are Federal Law, Will We Eat Less?

Now That Calorie Labels Are Federal Law, Will We Eat Less?

MARY LOUISE KELLY, HOST:

Calorie counts are now the law of the land. Beginning today, all restaurant chains with 20 or more locations must post calories on menus or menu boards. NPR's Allison Aubrey looks at how this may influence our eating habits.

ALLISON AUBREY, BYLINE¹: Like it or not, it's now a lot harder to ignore calories when you eat out. And Margo Wootan of the Center for Science in the Public Interest argues this is a good thing.

MARGO WOOTAN: Here we are at Starbucks in Washington, D.C., looking at the calories that are now posted on their menus.

AUBREY: Starbucks was an early adopter. The chain began posting calories several years ago. And what's happened to their pastry² offerings?

WOOTAN: The size of the muffins, the scones³, the size of the coffee cakes are all a little bit smaller, not so much smaller that people would notice but enough to make a difference in the calorie count.

AUBREY: A few studies now show that when restaurants introduce calorie posts, people tend to cut back. One review estimates that on average, people purchase about 50 fewer calories per meal. This might not sound like a lot, but it can add up, says FDA Commissioner⁴ Scott Gottlieb.

SCOTT GOTTLIEB: With about a third of meals eaten away from home, this is meaningful.

AUBREY: It's actually enough, he says, to help people fend⁵ off weight gain.

GOTTLIEB: If you look at what drives obesity⁶, it's not necessarily binge eating where someone might go out and have a big meal on a weekend.

AUBREY: What drives it is eating a little too much every day for years. Gottlieb says if you cut back by about 50 calories a day, that's about 18,000 fewer calories over the course of one year, which could leave you 3 to 5 pounds slimmer. Margo Wootan says calorie postings can help people make these small cuts because the guesswork is gone. Consider this example.

This looks like a healthy option here. What is it?

WOOTAN: So that's the tomato and mozzarella panini has 350 calories.

AUBREY: Not much at all for a sandwich. Compare that to the lentil bowl sitting just next to it. It has 300 more calories.

WOOTAN: Usually, my rule of thumb is to go with a bowl over a sandwich because once you cut the bread, you cut calories. But in this case, it's just the opposite.

AUBREY: Wootan says this just goes to show how off our instincts might be.

WOOTAN: One of the things I like best about menu labeling is in a split-second decision, you can cut hundreds or more calories from your diet without much of a sacrifice.

AUBREY: Just by choosing one option over another. Allison Aubrey, NPR News.

1 byline   

n.署名；v.署名

参考例句：

• His byline was absent as well.他的署名也不见了。
• We wish to thank the author of this article which carries no byline.我们要感谢这篇文章的那位没有署名的作者。

2 pastry   

n.油酥面团，酥皮糕点

参考例句：

• The cook pricked a few holes in the pastry.厨师在馅饼上戳了几个洞。
• The pastry crust was always underdone.馅饼的壳皮常常烤得不透。

3 scones   

n.烤饼，烤小圆面包( scone的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• scones and jam with clotted cream 夹有凝脂奶油和果酱的烤饼
• She makes scones and cakes for the delectation of visitors. 她烘制了烤饼和蛋糕供客人享用。 来自辞典例句

4 commissioner   

n.（政府厅、局、处等部门）专员，长官，委员

参考例句：

• The commissioner has issued a warrant for her arrest.专员发出了对她的逮捕令。
• He was tapped for police commissioner.他被任命为警务处长。

5 fend   

v.照料（自己），（自己）谋生，挡开，避开

参考例句：

• I've had to fend for myself since I was 14.我从十四岁时起就不得不照料自己。
• He raised his arm up to fend branches from his eyes.他举手将树枝从他眼前挡开。

6 obesity   

n.肥胖，肥大

参考例句：

• One effect of overeating may be obesity.吃得过多能导致肥胖。
• Sugar and fat can more easily lead to obesity than some other foods.糖和脂肪比其他食物更容易导致肥胖。