美国国家公共电台 NPR Pregnant Women: Avoid Soft Cheeses, But Do Get These Shots

 

RACHEL MARTIN, HOST:

All right, when you're pregnant, you know that doctors want you to get a few key vaccines². And now the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists is trying to make that a little bit easier. For the first time, it's put together a one-page immunization guide for OBs and midwives. NPR's Selena Simmons-Duffin, who happens to be pregnant at this very moment, went to find out more.

SELENA SIMMONS-DUFFIN, BYLINE³: The guide pulls together information about which shots pregnant women should skip, which they can get and which they should definitely get. The two in that should-get category are the flu shot, since the flu can be really dangerous for pregnant women, and Tdap, the tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis vaccine¹.

KIMBERLY JOHNSON: Would you have a preference which arm you would like it in?

SIMMONS-DUFFIN: That's medical assistant Kimberly Johnson getting ready to give me Tdap a few weeks ago at 30 weeks pregnant.

This one's fine.

JOHNSON: That one's fine? OK.

SIMMONS-DUFFIN: The idea here is to protect newborns against pertussis or whooping⁴ cough.

LAURA RILEY: People are like, I never heard of whooping cough. What's the big deal? Like, why do we even have to worry about this?

SIMMONS-DUFFIN: That's Dr. Laura Riley. She's the vice⁵ chair of obstetrics at Massachusetts General Hospital and helped write the one-page guide. While pertussis is not generally a serious illness for adults...

RILEY: If a newborn gets it, they can do very poorly and die.

SIMMONS-DUFFIN: Newborns aren't given their own vaccine against pertussis until they're a few months old, which is why the best way to protect them is immunizing the mother in the third trimester of pregnancy⁷. There's lots of data to show this works, but the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates only about half of pregnant women get it, including me.

Does it hurt?

JOHNSON: Might burn a little. And we are done.

SIMMONS-DUFFIN: It really did hurt for a few days. Riley thinks there are two reasons why more people don't get the shot. One is that some patients refuse it because they don't think it's necessary or safe.

RILEY: Or they hem⁶ and haw and, oh, no, I'll wait until my next visit. The next visit comes, no one remembers to ask them again. Well, that baby's not going to be protected.

SIMMONS-DUFFIN: The other reason is providers sometimes just forget. Immunizations are not a huge part of prenatal care, which is why the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists is trying to make it easy.

RILEY: To put all that information on one page easily posted in any OB or midwifery office so that it becomes more automatic and part of everyday prenatal care.

SIMMONS-DUFFIN: The guide also makes clear which vaccines should be avoided, like varicella and MMR - measles⁸, mumps⁹ and rubella. Live vaccines like this should wait until after the baby is born. Then there's the middle category of immunizations that can be given to pregnant women if they have certain conditions or risk factors. For instance...

RILEY: Patients with diabetes¹⁰ or sickle¹¹ cell disease, you should get pneumococcal vaccine during your pregnancy.

SIMMONS-DUFFIN: There really aren't that many vaccines pregnant women need to worry about. It's a short list. Riley hopes the simplicity¹² of the guide will result in more women getting vaccinated¹³. It's something she's passionate¹⁴ about.

RILEY: I do care about it because it's disease that can be prevented.

SIMMONS-DUFFIN: My only complaint about the Tdap shot - it really hurt.

(LAUGHTER)

RILEY: Yeah, it's not comfortable.

SIMMONS-DUFFIN: But she says if it's going to protect the baby, it's worth it. Selena Simmons-Duffin, NPR News.

(SOUNDBITE OF SUN GLITTER'S "WHAT ARE WE WAITING FOR")

1 vaccine   

n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的

参考例句：

• The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
• She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。

2 vaccines   

疫苗，痘苗( vaccine的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His team are at the forefront of scientific research into vaccines. 他的小组处于疫苗科研的最前沿。
• The vaccines were kept cool in refrigerators. 疫苗放在冰箱中冷藏。

3 byline   

n.署名；v.署名

参考例句：

• His byline was absent as well.他的署名也不见了。
• We wish to thank the author of this article which carries no byline.我们要感谢这篇文章的那位没有署名的作者。

4 whooping   

发嗬嗬声的，发咳声的

参考例句：

• Whooping cough is very prevalent just now. 百日咳正在广泛流行。
• Have you had your child vaccinated against whooping cough? 你给你的孩子打过百日咳疫苗了吗？

5 vice   

n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的

参考例句：

• He guarded himself against vice.他避免染上坏习惯。
• They are sunk in the depth of vice.他们堕入了罪恶的深渊。

6 hem   

n.贴边，镶边；vt.缝贴边；(in)包围，限制

参考例句：

• The hem on her skirt needs sewing.她裙子上的褶边需要缝一缝。
• The hem of your dress needs to be let down an inch.你衣服的折边有必要放长1英寸。

7 pregnancy   

n.怀孕，怀孕期

参考例句：

• Early pregnancy is often accompanied by nausea.怀孕早期常有恶心的现象。
• Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of miscarriage.怀孕期吸烟会增加流产的危险。

8 measles   

n.麻疹，风疹，包虫病，痧子

参考例句：

• The doctor is quite definite about Tom having measles.医生十分肯定汤姆得了麻疹。
• The doctor told her to watch out for symptoms of measles.医生叫她注意麻疹出现的症状。

9 mumps   

n.腮腺炎

参考例句：

• Sarah got mumps from her brother.萨拉的弟弟患腮腺炎，传染给她了。
• I was told not go near Charles. He is sickening for mumps.别人告诉我不要走近查尔斯， 他染上了流行性腮腺炎。

10 diabetes   

n.糖尿病

参考例句：

• In case of diabetes, physicians advise against the use of sugar.对于糖尿病患者，医生告诫他们不要吃糖。
• Diabetes is caused by a fault in the insulin production of the body.糖尿病是由体內胰岛素分泌失调引起的。

11 sickle   

n.镰刀

参考例句：

• The gardener was swishing off the tops of weeds with a sickle.园丁正在用镰刀嗖嗖地割掉杂草的顶端。
• There is a picture of the sickle on the flag. 旗帜上有镰刀的图案。

12 simplicity   

n.简单，简易；朴素；直率，单纯

参考例句：

• She dressed with elegant simplicity.她穿着朴素高雅。
• The beauty of this plan is its simplicity.简明扼要是这个计划的一大特点。

13 vaccinated   

[医]已接种的，种痘的，接种过疫菌的

参考例句：

• I was vaccinated against tetanus. 我接种了破伤风疫苗。
• Were you vaccinated against smallpox as a child? 你小时候打过天花疫苗吗？

14 passionate   

adj.热情的，热烈的，激昂的，易动情的，易怒的，性情暴躁的

参考例句：

• He is said to be the most passionate man.据说他是最有激情的人。
• He is very passionate about the project.他对那个项目非常热心。