美国国家公共电台 NPR 美司法部监察长公布报告 通俄门调查无政治偏见

The FBI had every right to open its investigation¹ into possible ties between the Trump² campaign and Russia. That's the main conclusion from a report by the Justice Department's internal watchdog, Inspector³ General Michael Horowitz. And this conclusion directly contradicts President Trump's false claim that the investigation was politically motivated. But Horowitz also found serious shortcomings in how the bureau handled its surveillance of a former Trump campaign adviser⁴. President Trump lashed⁵ out at FBI Director Christopher Wray this morning. He said Wray will, quote, "never be able to fix the FBI, which is badly broken." But it was James Comey who led the FBI in the early stages of the investigation into the Trump campaign. Yesterday, NPR's Ari Shapiro asked Comey how those mistakes happened.

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED NPR BROADCAST)

JAMES COMEY: I'm not sure. I've read the report. I think the inspector general found something like 17 separate mistakes. And that is really unfortunate and really important that he found them so they can be fixed⁶. And that's a worthwhile part of any inspector general report. And so I don't want to step away from that. But I want to underscore — nothing was done with political bias⁷ or with improper⁸ motivation.

ARI SHAPIRO: So many errors entered into their surveillance petitions around Carter Page. If the FBI had this many mistakes even on a high-profile, politically sensitive case, do you think there's a broader problem with FBI agents taking a cavalier attitude to eavesdropping⁹ on Americans?

COMEY: I don't. I think there is a problem with human beings working hard and making assumptions and not realizing that other people are making different assumptions. They make mistakes, but they are good people, well-overseen and checked.

MARTIN: All right. For more on the implications of the Horowitz report, we're joined by NPR justice correspondent Ryan Lucas. Thanks for coming in, Ryan.

RYAN LUCAS, BYLINE¹⁰: Thank you.

MARTIN: There was a lot of buildup to this report — a lot of people looking for their own vindication¹¹ from this. Explain more about what the inspector general said here.

LUCAS: So this is a 400-plus-page report. So there's a lot in it — some good for the FBI, some bad. But two of the big takeaways are that the FBI had sufficient evidence to open its investigation into possible ties between the Trump campaign and Russia. And the inspector general found no evidence of political bias in the decision to launch that investigation. And those two findings are a big deal. They contradict, as you said, the allegation from some conservatives that the investigation was driven by political hostility¹² against Trump.

But there were also some very serious problems with the FBI's investigation, as we heard in that clip from Ari and Comey at the top. That relates to the FBI's surveillance of former Trump campaign foreign policy adviser Carter Page. The inspector general documents 17 significant inaccuracies or omissions¹³ in the FBI's applications to get court approval for surveillance on Page. Leaving that information out, according to the inspector general, made the case for surveillance look stronger than it actually was.

MARTIN: So here we are in the middle of an impeachment¹⁴ inquiry¹⁵. The House is expected to lay out their articles of impeachment today. It's a highly polarized time. I mean, that's like the understatement of the year. So how did Democrats¹⁷ and Republicans respond to this report?

LUCAS: So on the political front, the sides very much just retreated to their respective corners. The president described the findings as being far worse than he thought possible. He said the investigation amounted to essentially¹⁸ a coup¹⁹. Unsurprisingly, the top Democrat¹⁶ on the House Judiciary Committee, Jerry Nadler, had a very different interpretation²⁰ of this report. He said that it debunks²¹ deep state conspiracy²² theories.

Internally — within the Justice Department, the response to the report has varied²³. FBI Director Chris Wray said the bureau accepts the inspector general's findings. He says he's ordered steps to be taken to address the report's recommendations. That includes changes to the FBI's surveillance practices.

Attorney General William Barr, on the other hand, released a pretty scathing²⁴ statement that in many ways pushes back against some of the report's central conclusions. He called — Barr called the FBI's investigation intrusive²⁵, and he said that it was based on, quote, "the thinnest of suspicions." And in his view, he said those suspicions were insufficient²⁶ to justify²⁷ the steps that were taken.

MARTIN: So now — I mean, Attorney General Barr, not only has he released this statement under — calling into question the IG's conclusions, he's actually launched his own investigation. He asked that U.S. Attorney John Durham launch an investigation into this very thing. How is this different than what the Horowitz report was looking at?

LUCAS: So Durham is investigating similar issues to Horowitz but is understood to be looking at U.S. spy agencies and foreign intelligence services, as well. He's been traveling internationally to meet with foreign intelligence officials. He and the attorney general have enlisted²⁸ the president's help to try to open doors for Durham overseas.

Now, Durham released his own statement yesterday, and that's a rarity because he's known for being very tight-lipped. And what Durham said was that, based on the evidence that he's collected so far in his investigation, he disagrees with some of the inspector general's conclusions, particularly about how the FBI opened this investigation.

MARTIN: Even though he's not even done with his own investigation.

LUCAS: It's still ongoing²⁹.

MARTIN: So it was pretty exceptional to have released that. NPR justice correspondent Ryan Lucas, thank you. We appreciate it.

LUCAS: Thank you.

美国联邦调查局完全有理由就特朗普竞选团队与俄罗斯之间可能存在的关系展开调查。这是美国司法部内部监督机构监察长迈克尔·霍洛维茨所发布报告得出的主要结论。这一结论直接驳斥了特朗普总统称这项调查具有政治动机的虚假言论。但霍洛维茨也发现，联邦调查局在监视前特朗普竞选团队顾问的方式上存在严重不足。今天上午，特朗普总统抨击了联邦调查局局长克里斯托弗·雷。他说，雷将“永远不能修正联邦调查局，因为该机构已经遭到严重破坏。”但在针对特朗普竞选团队的调查初期，领导联邦调查局的是詹姆斯·科米。昨天，NPR新闻的阿里·夏皮罗询问了科米这些错误是如何发生的。

（NPR广播节目录音档案）

詹姆斯·科米：我不确定。我看了报告。我认为监察长发现了大概17处不同的错误。这非常不幸，但同时也很重要，因为他发现了错误，所以他们能改正错误。在任何监察长报告中，这都是重要内容。因此，我不想回避这个问题。但我同时想强调一下，不存在任何政治偏见或不当动机。

阿里·夏皮罗：他们在涉及卡特·佩吉的监视请求上存在很多错误。如果联邦调查局在高级别政治敏感案件上都会犯下这么多错误，那你认为会不会存在更普遍的问题，联邦调查局特工在监视美国民众方面是否采取了漫不经心的态度？

科米：我并不这样认为。我承认的确存在问题，努力工作的人作出了假设，但并没有意识到其他人作出了不同的假设。他们犯了错误，但他们是好人，监管负责，也经过了检查。

马丁：好。下面我们来连线NPR新闻的司法记者瑞安·卢卡斯，了解霍洛维茨报告的详细意义。谢谢你，瑞安。

瑞安·卢卡斯连线：谢谢。

马丁：这项报告的准备过程非常漫长，许多人希望能证明自己的清白。请详细解释一下监察长说了什么。

卢卡斯：这份报告长达400多页。里面包含很多内容，部分对联邦调查局有利，部分不利。但其中两个主要内容是，联邦调查局有充足的证据就特朗普竞选团队与俄罗斯之间可能存在的关系展开调查。监察长发现，没有证据表明启动调查的决定存在政治偏见。这两个发现非常重要。如你所说，这些发现驳斥了部分保守人士的说法，这些人认为这项针对特朗普的调查是政治敌意驱动的。

但就如我们刚才从阿里和科米的录音中所听到的，联邦调查局的调查也存在非常严重的问题。这与联邦调查局对前特朗普竞选团队的外国政策顾问卡特·佩吉的监视有关。监察长证明，联邦调查局在申请监视佩吉的法庭许可上存在17处重要错误或遗漏。监察长表示，遗漏信息使监视理由看上去比实际情况更为有力。

马丁：现在弹劾调查正在进行中。预计众议院将于今天公布弹劾条款。现在是高度分化时期。这可能是本年度最保守的说法。民主党和共和党对这份报告作何回应？

卢卡斯：从政治方面来看，两党都退回了各自的“大营”。总统称这一发现比他设想的要糟糕得多。他说这项调查从本质上说相当于政变。不出意外，众议院司法委员会民主党领袖杰里·纳德勒对这份报告有着截然不同的解释。他说这揭示了深刻的国家阴谋理论。

司法部内部对这项报告的反应有所不同。联邦调查局局长克里斯托弗·雷表示，该局接受监察长的调查结果。他说他已下令采取措施，研究报告提出的建议。包括对联邦调查局的监视做法做出更改。

另一方面，司法部长威廉·巴尔发布了一份严厉训斥声明，这份声明在许多方面都反对报告得出的部分中心结论。巴尔称联邦调查局的调查具有侵入性，他称该调查以“最薄弱的怀疑”为证据。他认为这些怀疑不足以成为采取措施的理由。

马丁：司法部长巴尔不仅发表声明质疑监察长的结论，而且还启动了自己的调查。他要求美国检察官约翰·达勒姆针对这一事件展开调查。那这项调查与霍洛维茨报告关注的情况会有何不同？

卢卡斯：达勒姆正在调查的问题与霍洛维茨调查的类似，但据了解，前者的调查着眼于美国情报机构以及外国情报服务。他一直来往于各国，与外国情报官员会面。他和司法部长争取到了总统的帮助，试图为达勒姆在海外的活动打开大门。

达勒姆昨天也发表了声明，这是非常罕见的情况，因为他以守口如瓶而闻名。达勒姆在声明中表示，依据他目前在调查中所收集到的证据，他不同意监察长的部分结论，尤其是涉及联邦调查局如何开展调查的内容。

马丁：尽管他甚至还没完成调查。

卢卡斯：对，他的调查仍在进行中。

马丁：因此他发表这样的声明是极为不同寻常的情况。以上是NPR新闻的司法记者瑞安·卢卡斯带来的报，谢谢你。非常感谢。

卢卡斯：谢谢。

1 investigation   

n.调查，调查研究

参考例句：

• In an investigation,a new fact became known, which told against him.在调查中新发现了一件对他不利的事实。
• He drew the conclusion by building on his own investigation.他根据自己的调查研究作出结论。

2 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

3 inspector   

n.检查员，监察员，视察员

参考例句：

• The inspector was interested in everything pertaining to the school.视察员对有关学校的一切都感兴趣。
• The inspector was shining a flashlight onto the tickets.查票员打着手电筒查看车票。

4 adviser   

n.劝告者，顾问

参考例句：

• They employed me as an adviser.他们聘请我当顾问。
• Our department has engaged a foreign teacher as phonetic adviser.我们系已经聘请了一位外籍老师作为语音顾问。

5 lashed   

adj.具睫毛的v.鞭打( lash的过去式和过去分词 )；煽动；紧系；怒斥

参考例句：

• The rain lashed at the windows. 雨点猛烈地打在窗户上。
• The cleverly designed speech lashed the audience into a frenzy. 这篇精心设计的演说煽动听众使他们发狂。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 fixed   

adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的

参考例句：

• Have you two fixed on a date for the wedding yet?你们俩选定婚期了吗？
• Once the aim is fixed,we should not change it arbitrarily.目标一旦确定，我们就不应该随意改变。

7 bias   

n.偏见，偏心，偏袒；vt.使有偏见

参考例句：

• They are accusing the teacher of political bias in his marking.他们在指控那名教师打分数有政治偏见。
• He had a bias toward the plan.他对这项计划有偏见。

8 improper   

adj.不适当的，不合适的，不正确的，不合礼仪的

参考例句：

• Short trousers are improper at a dance.舞会上穿短裤不成体统。
• Laughing and joking are improper at a funeral.葬礼时大笑和开玩笑是不合适的。

9 eavesdropping   

n. 偷听

参考例句：

• We caught him eavesdropping outside the window. 我们撞见他正在窗外偷听。
• Suddenly the kids,who had been eavesdropping,flew into the room. 突然间，一直在偷听的孩子们飞进屋来。

10 byline   

n.署名；v.署名

参考例句：

• His byline was absent as well.他的署名也不见了。
• We wish to thank the author of this article which carries no byline.我们要感谢这篇文章的那位没有署名的作者。

11 vindication   

n.洗冤，证实

参考例句：

• There is much to be said in vindication of his claim.有很多理由可以提出来为他的要求作辩护。
• The result was a vindication of all our efforts.这一结果表明我们的一切努力是必要的。

12 hostility   

n.敌对，敌意；抵制［pl.］交战，战争

参考例句：

• There is open hostility between the two leaders.两位领导人表现出公开的敌意。
• His hostility to your plan is well known.他对你的计划所持的敌意是众所周知的。

13 omissions   

n.省略( omission的名词复数 )；删节；遗漏；略去或漏掉的事（或人）

参考例句：

• In spite of careful checking, there are still omissions. 饶这么细心核对，还是有遗漏。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• It has many omissions; even so, it is quite a useful reference book. 那本书有许多遗漏之处，即使如此，尚不失为一本有用的参考书。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

14 impeachment   

n.弹劾；控告；怀疑

参考例句：

• Impeachment is considered a drastic measure in the United States.在美国，弹劾被视为一种非常激烈的措施。
• The verdict resulting from his impeachment destroyed his political career.他遭弹劾后得到的判决毁了他的政治生涯。

15 inquiry   

n.打听，询问，调查，查问

参考例句：

• Many parents have been pressing for an inquiry into the problem.许多家长迫切要求调查这个问题。
• The field of inquiry has narrowed down to five persons.调查的范围已经缩小到只剩5个人了。

16 democrat   

n.民主主义者，民主人士；民主党党员

参考例句：

• The Democrat and the Public criticized each other.民主党人和共和党人互相攻击。
• About two years later,he was defeated by Democrat Jimmy Carter.大约两年后，他被民主党人杰米卡特击败。

17 democrats   

n.民主主义者，民主人士( democrat的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The Democrats held a pep rally on Capitol Hill yesterday. 民主党昨天在国会山召开了竞选誓师大会。
• The democrats organize a filibuster in the senate. 民主党党员组织了阻挠议事。 来自《简明英汉词典》

18 essentially   

adv.本质上，实质上，基本上

参考例句：

• Really great men are essentially modest.真正的伟人大都很谦虚。
• She is an essentially selfish person.她本质上是个自私自利的人。

19 coup   

n.政变；突然而成功的行动

参考例句：

• The monarch was ousted by a military coup.那君主被军事政变者废黜了。
• That government was overthrown in a military coup three years ago.那个政府在3年前的军事政变中被推翻。

20 interpretation   

n.解释，说明，描述；艺术处理

参考例句：

• His statement admits of one interpretation only.他的话只有一种解释。
• Analysis and interpretation is a very personal thing.分析与说明是个很主观的事情。

21 debunks   

v.揭穿真相，暴露( debunk的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• Historian Michael Beschloss debunks a few myths. 历史学家迈克尔·贝施洛斯破除了几个不实传言。 来自柯林斯例句

22 conspiracy   

n.阴谋，密谋，共谋

参考例句：

• The men were found guilty of conspiracy to murder.这些人被裁决犯有阴谋杀人罪。
• He claimed that it was all a conspiracy against him.他声称这一切都是一场针对他的阴谋。

23 varied   

adj.多样的，多变化的

参考例句：

• The forms of art are many and varied.艺术的形式是多种多样的。
• The hotel has a varied programme of nightly entertainment.宾馆有各种晚间娱乐活动。

24 scathing   

adj.（言词、文章）严厉的，尖刻的；不留情的adv.严厉地，尖刻地v.伤害，损害（尤指使之枯萎）( scathe的现在分词)

参考例句：

• a scathing attack on the new management 针对新的管理层的猛烈抨击
• Her speech was a scathing indictment of the government's record on crime. 她的演讲强烈指责了政府在犯罪问题上的表现。 来自《简明英汉词典》

25 intrusive   

adj.打搅的；侵扰的

参考例句：

• The cameras were not an intrusive presence.那些摄像机的存在并不令人反感。
• Staffs are courteous but never intrusive.员工谦恭有礼却从不让人感到唐突。

26 insufficient   

adj.(for，of)不足的，不够的

参考例句：

• There was insufficient evidence to convict him.没有足够证据给他定罪。
• In their day scientific knowledge was insufficient to settle the matter.在他们的时代，科学知识还不能足以解决这些问题。

27 justify   

vt.证明…正当(或有理)，为…辩护

参考例句：

• He tried to justify his absence with lame excuses.他想用站不住脚的借口为自己的缺席辩解。
• Can you justify your rude behavior to me?你能向我证明你的粗野行为是有道理的吗？

28 enlisted   

adj.应募入伍的v.（使）入伍， （使）参军( enlist的过去式和过去分词 )；获得（帮助或支持）

参考例句：

• enlisted men and women 男兵和女兵
• He enlisted with the air force to fight against the enemy. 他应募加入空军对敌作战。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

29 ongoing   

adj.进行中的，前进的

参考例句：

• The problem is ongoing.这个问题尚未解决。
• The issues raised in the report relate directly to Age Concern's ongoing work in this area.报告中提出的问题与“关心老人”组织在这方面正在做的工作有直接的关系。