纽约时报 最高法院就免费避孕保险做出最新裁定(3)

Justice Ginsburg added that the ruling would have vast practical consequences,

金斯伯格法官补充道，此次裁决或将产生极其严峻的现实后果，

forcing poorer women to forgo¹ contraception or use less effective methods.

致使较为贫穷的女性放弃避孕或使用效果较差的避孕手段。

The Obama and Trump² administrations have taken very different approaches to contraceptive coverage³.

奥巴马政府与特朗普政府针对避孕保险采取了截然不同的态度。

In March 2010, President Barack Obama signed the Affordable⁴ Care Act,

奥巴马总统先是于2010年3月签署了《平价医疗法案》，

which includes a section that requires coverage of preventive health services and screenings for women.

在其中一节提出了要为女性（员工）提供避孕和检查等服务的要求。

The next year, the Obama administration required employers and insurers

次年，奥巴马政府又对用人单位和保险公司提出了

to provide women with coverage at no cost for all methods of contraception approved by the Food and Drug Administration.

要免费为女性提供FDA认证的所有避孕服务的要求。

The regulations exempted⁵ houses of worship — including churches, temples and mosques⁶ — from the contraception requirement.

这些规定豁免了教堂、寺庙和清真寺等礼拜场所。

But nonprofit groups like schools and hospitals affiliated⁷ with religious organizations were covered.

问题是，附属于宗教机构的学校、医院等非营利组织仍隶属于规定应用范畴。

Some of those groups objected to providing coverage for any of the approved forms of contraception.

部分组织对奥巴马政府的避孕福利规定下的所有避孕形式都持反对态度。

Others objected to contraception they said was tantamount to abortion⁸,

另外一些则对他们所谓的相当于堕胎的避孕措施表示反对，

though there are substantial questions about whether that characterization was correct as a scientific matter.

尽管从科学的角度来讲，他们的说法是否属实仍旧充满了疑点。

The Trump administration took the side of the religious employers,

特朗普政府则选择了和有宗教信仰的用人单位站在一起，

saying that requiring contraceptive coverage could impose a "substantial burden" on the free exercise of religion.

他们声称，提供避孕措施这一要求可能会给宗教的自由实践带来“沉重的负担”。

The regulations it has promulgated⁹ made good on a campaign pledge by President Trump,

特朗普政府颁布的规定兑现了特朗普总统的竞选承诺，

who has said that employers should not be "bullied¹⁰ by the federal government because of their religious beliefs."

即用人单位不应“因为宗教信仰而遭受联邦政府的欺压”。

Justice Thomas wrote that the Trump administration was entitled to adopt exemptions¹¹,

托马斯大法官写道，特朗普政府有权实施豁免，

as the health care statute¹² provided regulators with "virtually unbridled discretion¹³ to decide what counts as preventive care and screenings."

因为医疗保健法规赋予了监管机构“几乎不受任何约束的自由裁量权，他们有权决定将哪些福利视为避孕福利及检查。”

It followed, he wrote, that regulators also had discretion "in other areas, including the ability to identify and create exemptions."

他写道，法规还规定，监管机构也享有“其他方面的自由裁量权，包括甄别及给予豁免的权利。”

1 forgo   

v.放弃，抛弃

参考例句：

• Time to prepare was a luxuary he would have to forgo.因为时间不够，他不得不放弃做准备工作。
• She would willingly forgo a birthday treat if only her warring parents would declare a truce.只要她的父母停止争吵，她愿意放弃生日宴请。

2 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

3 coverage   

n.报导，保险范围，保险额，范围，覆盖

参考例句：

• There's little coverage of foreign news in the newspaper.报纸上几乎没有国外新闻报道。
• This is an insurance policy with extensive coverage.这是一项承保范围广泛的保险。

4 affordable   

adj.支付得起的，不太昂贵的

参考例句：

• The rent for the four-roomed house is affordable.四居室房屋的房租付得起。
• There are few affordable apartments in big cities.在大城市中没有几所公寓是便宜的。

5 exempted   

使免除[豁免]( exempt的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• His bad eyesight exempted him from military service. 他因视力不好而免服兵役。
• Her illness exempted her from the examination. 她因病而免试。

6 mosques   

清真寺； 伊斯兰教寺院，清真寺； 清真寺，伊斯兰教寺院( mosque的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Why make us believe that this tunnel runs underneath the mosques? 为什么要让我们相信这条隧洞是在清真寺下？
• The city's three biggest mosques, long fallen into disrepair, have been renovated. 城里最大的三座清真寺，过去年久失修，现在已经修复。

7 affiliated   

adj. 附属的, 有关连的

参考例句：

• The hospital is affiliated with the local university. 这家医院附属于当地大学。
• All affiliated members can vote. 所有隶属成员都有投票权。

8 abortion   

n.流产，堕胎

参考例句：

• She had an abortion at the women's health clinic.她在妇女保健医院做了流产手术。
• A number of considerations have led her to have a wilful abortion.多种考虑使她执意堕胎。

9 promulgated   

v.宣扬（某事物）( promulgate的过去式和过去分词 )；传播；公布；颁布（法令、新法律等）

参考例句：

• Hence China has promulgated more than 30 relevant laws, statutes and regulations. 中国为此颁布的法律、法规和规章多达３０余项。 来自汉英非文学 - 白皮书
• The shipping industry promulgated a voluntary code. 航运业对自律守则进行了宣传。 来自辞典例句

10 bullied   

adj.被欺负了v.恐吓，威逼( bully的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• My son is being bullied at school. 我儿子在学校里受欺负。
• The boy bullied the small girl into giving him all her money. 那男孩威逼那个小女孩把所有的钱都给他。 来自《简明英汉词典》

11 exemptions   

n.（义务等的）免除( exemption的名词复数 )；免（税）；（收入中的）免税额

参考例句：

• The exemptions for interpretive rules, policy statements, and procedural rules have just been discussed. 有关解释性规则、政策说明和程序规则的免责我们刚刚讨论过。 来自英汉非文学 - 行政法
• A: The regulation outlines specific exemptions for some WPM. 答：该规定概述了某些木质包装材料的特定的例外情形。 来自互联网

12 statute   

n.成文法，法令，法规；章程，规则，条例

参考例句：

• Protection for the consumer is laid down by statute.保障消费者利益已在法令里作了规定。
• The next section will consider this environmental statute in detail.下一部分将详细论述环境法令的问题。

13 discretion   

n.谨慎；随意处理

参考例句：

• You must show discretion in choosing your friend.你择友时必须慎重。
• Please use your best discretion to handle the matter.请慎重处理此事。