纽约时报 美国的酗酒问题有多严重?(4)

 

 

    Those potential repercussions¹ — on everything from individual health to poverty, crime and violence,从个人健康到贫穷、犯罪和暴力等潜在影响，

    which have previously² been associated with the density³ of alcohol sellers in a given area — will take time to unfold and assess.

    以前都与特定地区的酒类销售商的密度有关，这需要时间来揭示和评估。

    Right now, most of the data available on people's changes in drinking behavior are limited to small surveys.

    目前，人们饮酒行为变化的大部分数据都局限于小型调查。

    "This all suggests people are starting to put in place patterns of heavier drinking," says Elyse Grossman, a policy fellow at Johns Hopkins and lead author of the International Journal article.

    约翰霍普金斯大学的政策研究员、国际期刊文章的主要作者爱丽舍·格罗斯曼表示，“这一切都表明，人们开始建立酗酒的模式。”

    She expects to start seeing the effects one to three years from now, which is when alcohol abuse increased following other catastrophes⁴.

    她预计未来一到三年内人们会开始看到这种影响，即和其他灾难发生之后一样，酒精滥用现象的加剧。

    (Already cases of alcoholic⁵ liver disease are up an estimated 30 percent over the past year in the University of Michigan's health system,（据估计，过去一年，密歇根大学的医疗系统中，酒精性肝病的发病率上升了30%，and many of those additional patients were young women.)而这些增加的病人中有许多是年轻女性。）

    Yet despite the worrying circumstances, at least 20 states are considering making permanent the relaxed alcohol rules they put in place during the pandemic.

    然而，尽管情况令人担忧，但美国至少有20个州正在考虑将疫情期间制定的宽松饮酒规定永久化。

    And alcohol manufacturers have exploited Covid-19 as a marketing⁶ tool to an extent that is "frustrating⁷ and surprising," Grossman says.

    格罗斯曼表示，酒精制造商将新冠肺炎作为营销工具，其程度“令人沮丧和惊讶”。

    "They have used the pandemic to increase sales and oppose regulation.

    “他们利用疫情增加销量，反对监管。

    'You need time to yourself; you should be drinking. You need alcohol to relax; you need it to get through this pandemic.'"‘你需要时间独处；你应该喝酒。你需要酒精来放松；你需要酒精来度过疫情。’”

    She adds: "It's not an ordinary product, like coffee or pencils. It's the third-leading cause of preventable death in the United States."她补充说，“酒精并不是像咖啡或铅笔一样的普通产品。而是美国第三大可预防的死亡原因。”

    On a population level, this past year's drinking has already set in motion a cascade⁸ of consequences that would be difficult to reverse absent major policy changes.

    从人口层面来讲，过去一年的饮酒情况引发了一连串的后果，如果没有重大的政策变化，这些后果很难扭转。

    But individuals can take steps to avoid negative outcomes themselves.

    但个人可以自行采取措施避免负面结果。

    Koob says that the emergence⁹ of telehealth during the pandemic may be a "silver lining"库布表示，疫情期间出现的远程医疗可能是“一线希望”，that will allow physicians and support groups to reach more struggling people.

    这将使医生和支持组织能够接触到更多苦苦挣扎的人。

    Treatments exist on "a spectrum," he notes. "Not everyone has to go into a 28-day detox."他指出，治疗存在于“图谱”上。“并不是所有人都要进行为期28天的戒酒治疗。”

    Doctors and health officials should begin responding now,巴博萨表示，“医生和卫生官员应该马上开始采取行动，with initiatives like screening for people's drinking patterns and "better messaging" on what is excessive drinking.

    对人们的饮酒模式进行筛查，并对过量饮酒的定义进行更好的宣传。

    "There are more people who are going to need help."会有更多的人需要帮助。”

 

1 repercussions   

n.后果，反响( repercussion的名词复数 )；余波

参考例句：

• The collapse of the company will have repercussions for the whole industry. 这家公司的垮台将会给整个行业造成间接的负面影响。
• Human acts have repercussions far beyond the frontiers of the human world. 人类行为所产生的影响远远超出人类世界的范围。 来自《简明英汉词典》

2 previously   

adv.以前，先前（地）

参考例句：

• The bicycle tyre blew out at a previously damaged point.自行车胎在以前损坏过的地方又爆开了。
• Let me digress for a moment and explain what had happened previously.让我岔开一会儿，解释原先发生了什么。

3 density   

n.密集，密度，浓度

参考例句：

• The population density of that country is 685 per square mile.那个国家的人口密度为每平方英里685人。
• The region has a very high population density.该地区的人口密度很高。

4 catastrophes   

n.灾祸( catastrophe的名词复数 )；灾难；不幸事件；困难

参考例句：

• Two of history's worst natural catastrophes occurred in 1970. 1970年发生了历史上最严重两次自然灾害。 来自辞典例句
• The Swiss deposits contain evidence of such catastrophes. 瑞士的遗址里还有这种灾难的证据。 来自辞典例句

5 alcoholic   

adj.（含）酒精的，由酒精引起的；n.酗酒者

参考例句：

• The alcoholic strength of brandy far exceeds that of wine.白兰地的酒精浓度远远超过葡萄酒。
• Alcoholic drinks act as a poison to a child.酒精饮料对小孩犹如毒药。

6 marketing   

n.行销，在市场的买卖，买东西

参考例句：

• They are developing marketing network.他们正在发展销售网络。
• He often goes marketing.他经常去市场做生意。

7 frustrating   

adj.产生挫折的，使人沮丧的，令人泄气的v.使不成功( frustrate的现在分词 )；挫败；使受挫折；令人沮丧

参考例句：

• It's frustrating to have to wait so long. 要等这么长时间，真令人懊恼。
• It was a demeaning and ultimately frustrating experience. 那是一次有失颜面并且令人沮丧至极的经历。 来自《简明英汉词典》

8 cascade   

n.小瀑布，喷流；层叠；vi.成瀑布落下

参考例句：

• She watched the magnificent waterfall cascade down the mountainside.她看着壮观的瀑布从山坡上倾泻而下。
• Her hair fell over her shoulders in a cascade of curls.她的卷发像瀑布一样垂在肩上。

9 emergence   

n.浮现，显现，出现，（植物）突出体

参考例句：

• The last decade saw the emergence of a dynamic economy.最近10年见证了经济增长的姿态。
• Language emerges and develops with the emergence and development of society.语言是随着社会的产生而产生，随着社会的发展而发展的。