pbs高端访谈:暮光狼人海滩如何应对海平面上升

　　HARI SREENIVASAN:To much of the world, the Quileute are known as the Clan¹ of Shape-Shifting Werewolves in the popular book and movie series, "Twilight²."ACTOR: We have to protect the tribe before it's too late.

　　ANN PENN CHARLES,Quileute Tribe: It's brought us a lot of national attention. And, you know, there's still people that are just so amazed when they come out here to visit us. Whoa, they're really here, you know, there are really Quileute people. 　　

HARI SREENIVASAN:Tourists may come here to see the imaginary werewolves, but what they find is the real story of a people who have endured.

　　On the beaches of La Push, Wash., Ann Penn Charles—or Ms. Ann, as she's known—is passing on the tradition of fishing for smelts⁴ to her grandchildren.

　　She tells stories and sings songs in the ancient Quileute language of a tribe that has relied on these waters for centuries.

　　As fishermen and whalers, the Quileute have always considered themselves stewards⁵ of the coast, says Chris Morganroth, a Quileute elder.

　　CHRIS MORGANROTH, Quileute elder: It's been a great quality of life since the time of our beginning here, that all the things that were made available to us by the Creator, all the salmon⁶, the cedar⁷ trees, just a wide variety of different life that's here on the coast.

　　HARI SREENIVASAN:Hundreds of years ago, the tribe adapted to shifts in the weather by migrating within their expansive territory that stretched thousands of miles across the Olympic Peninsula. But now their village is just one square mile.

　　In 1855, the Quileute signed a treaty giving up most of their land to the federal government in exchange for fishing rights. They were restricted to a small reservation bounded by the Pacific Ocean and the QuileuteRiver on one side and Olympic National Park on the other.

　　But now even that land is threatened. La Push sits right at sea level. And the tribe's dependence⁸ on the ocean leaves them vulnerable, says Morganroth.

　　CHRIS MORGANROTH: As the climate changes, as the environment changes, we have to change with it in order to survive as we lose that quality of life.

　　HARI SREENIVASAN:In recent years, flooding and erosion have destroyed vital hunting and fishing grounds and homes in the low-lying areas of the reservation. Ms. Ann lives just across from the marina.

　　ANN PENN CHARLES: 2006 was the biggest flood. I have neighbors that live on the side of me and by the time I got one of the elders out of her house, the water was all the way to the kneecaps of my leg.

　　HARI SREENIVASAN:Researchers at the University of Washington have been studying the climate behind the higher waters here. They say that while this region always gets a lot of rain, rising temperatures over the last century mean that there is more intense rainfall in winter. Instead of snow that melts slowly, the extra bursts of rain lead to flooding.

　　Pacific Northwest rainfall now exceeds the global average by about 25 percent. Those rising temperatures have also melted glaciers⁹. The nearby Olympic Mountains have lost about one-third of their mass in the last 30 years alone.

　　That water, added to warming oceans around the world, will continue to increase global sea levels, says the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. They expect an average rise of 19 inches by the year 2100. The result is higher storm surges and flooding in coastal¹⁰ areas.

　　La Push is also in a tsunami¹¹ risk zone. The tribal¹² school and elder center, located next to the beach, are particularly at risk. It's a threat that tribal elders like Morganroth fear has gotten worse.

　　CHRIS MORGANROTH: Because of the water rising in the ocean, a wave that's created by that tsunami is probably going to reach farther into the rivers. And people upstream in these rivers are going to be affected¹³ from it, from a tsunami. And let's say if it happened 100 years ago, it was probably not as devastating¹⁴ as it might be.

　　HARI SREENIVASAN:Scientists warn that cool water animals will face increasing stress from warming waters and shifting currents. Native fishermen here have already seen many of the usually marine¹⁵ fish and mammals moving further north, says Tony Foster, chairman of the Quileute tribe.

　　TONY FOSTER, Quileute Tribe: We're a fishing community. We don't see as much smelt³ as we used to have. And what's going to happen if, you know, we have this happening with the salmon happening with our seals, our sea lions and the whales, it's going to be a difficult time for all of us if we start losing that, which was a way of live, our livelihood¹⁶ and the way we've done things.

　　HARI SREENIVASAN: But the Quileute are survivors¹⁷ and they are preparing. An important part of that survival is more land. The Quileute have been fighting for more than 50 years to get back part of the land that they ceded¹⁸, most of it on high ground that could keep them safe.

　　In February of this year, they finally won. Congress overwhelmingly voted to transfer 785 acres of Olympic National Park back to the tribe.

　　The tribal council has recently begun meetings with federal agencies officials to discuss details of reclaiming¹⁹ the land. Foster says the larger land base will allow tribal members living elsewhere to return to the community. But relocation won't happen immediately.

　　TONY FOSTER: Well, of course, there's many different challenges we face. I mean, money one is an issue because it's going to be difficult to pay for all of this. I mean, it's going to be a long, drawn-out process.

　　And this is still new to us, you know, on what we can and cannot do. So and that's what we're trying to figure out, you know. We're trying to put everybody's heads together to make this thing become a reality.

　　HARI SREENIVASAN:Her tribe's preparations give Ms. Ann hope for the future.

　　ANN PENN CHARLES: We always have dreams that our village is going to be a lot better for our children and our grandchildren. And let's just all work together and move forward to take care of what we got now.

　　HARI SREENIVASAN:And that means the Quileute's traditions will continue for generations to come.

1 clan   

n.氏族，部落，宗族，家族，宗派

参考例句：

• She ranks as my junior in the clan.她的辈分比我小。
• The Chinese Christians,therefore,practically excommunicate themselves from their own clan.所以，中国的基督徒简直是被逐出了自己的家族了。

2 twilight   

n.暮光，黄昏；暮年，晚期，衰落时期

参考例句：

• Twilight merged into darkness.夕阳的光辉融于黑暗中。
• Twilight was sweet with the smell of lilac and freshly turned earth.薄暮充满紫丁香和新翻耕的泥土的香味。

3 smelt   

v.熔解，熔炼；n.银白鱼，胡瓜鱼

参考例句：

• Tin is a comparatively easy metal to smelt.锡是比较容易熔化的金属。
• Darby was looking for a way to improve iron when he hit upon the idea of smelting it with coke instead of charcoal.达比一直在寻找改善铁质的方法，他猛然想到可以不用木炭熔炼，而改用焦炭。

4 smelts   

v.熔炼，提炼（矿石）( smelt的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• Each kind smelts diamond dust material cool suppression ball group production. 各种冶金粉料冷压球团的生产。 来自互联网
• Stainless steel filter elements for highly viscous or aggressive media at high temperatures, eg polymer smelts. 不锈钢在高温高粘稠或腐蚀性介质过滤元件，如聚合物冶炼。 来自互联网

5 stewards   

（轮船、飞机等的）乘务员( steward的名词复数 )； （俱乐部、旅馆、工会等的）管理员； （大型活动的）组织者； （私人家中的）管家

参考例句：

• The stewards all wore armbands. 乘务员都戴了臂章。
• The stewards will inspect the course to see if racing is possible. 那些干事将检视赛马场看是否适宜比赛。

6 salmon   

n.鲑，大马哈鱼，橙红色的

参考例句：

• We saw a salmon jumping in the waterfall there.我们看见一条大马哈鱼在那边瀑布中跳跃。
• Do you have any fresh salmon in at the moment?现在有新鲜大马哈鱼卖吗？

7 cedar   

n.雪松，香柏(木)

参考例句：

• The cedar was about five feet high and very shapely.那棵雪松约有五尺高,风姿优美。
• She struck the snow from the branches of an old cedar with gray lichen.她把长有灰色地衣的老雪松树枝上的雪打了下来。

8 dependence   

n.依靠，依赖；信任，信赖；隶属

参考例句：

• Doctors keep trying to break her dependence of the drug.医生们尽力使她戒除毒瘾。
• He was freed from financial dependence on his parents.他在经济上摆脱了对父母的依赖。

9 glaciers   

冰河，冰川( glacier的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Glaciers gouged out valleys from the hills. 冰川把丘陵地带冲出一条条山谷。
• It has ice and snow glaciers, rainforests and beautiful mountains. 既有冰川，又有雨林和秀丽的山峰。 来自英语晨读30分（高一）

10 coastal   

adj.海岸的，沿海的，沿岸的

参考例句：

• The ocean waves are slowly eating away the coastal rocks.大海的波浪慢慢地侵蚀着岸边的岩石。
• This country will fortify the coastal areas.该国将加强沿海地区的防御。

11 tsunami   

n.海啸

参考例句：

• Powerful quake sparks tsunami warning in Japan.大地震触发了日本的海啸预警。
• Coastlines all around the Indian Ocean inundated by a huge tsunami.大海啸把印度洋沿岸地区都淹没了。

12 tribal   

adj.部族的，种族的

参考例句：

• He became skilled in several tribal lingoes.他精通几种部族的语言。
• The country was torn apart by fierce tribal hostilities.那个国家被部落间的激烈冲突弄得四分五裂。

13 affected   

adj.不自然的，假装的

参考例句：

• She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
• His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。

14 devastating   

adj.毁灭性的，令人震惊的，强有力的

参考例句：

• It is the most devastating storm in 20 years.这是20年来破坏性最大的风暴。
• Affairs do have a devastating effect on marriages.婚外情确实会对婚姻造成毁灭性的影响。

15 marine   

adj.海的；海生的；航海的；海事的；n.水兵

参考例句：

• Marine creatures are those which live in the sea. 海洋生物是生存在海里的生物。
• When the war broke out,he volunteered for the Marine Corps.战争爆发时，他自愿参加了海军陆战队。

16 livelihood   

n.生计，谋生之道

参考例句：

• Appropriate arrangements will be made for their work and livelihood.他们的工作和生活会得到妥善安排。
• My father gained a bare livelihood of family by his own hands.父亲靠自己的双手勉强维持家计。

17 survivors   

幸存者，残存者，生还者( survivor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The survivors were adrift in a lifeboat for six days. 幸存者在救生艇上漂流了六天。
• survivors clinging to a raft 紧紧抓住救生筏的幸存者

18 ceded   

v.让给，割让，放弃( cede的过去式 )

参考例句：

• Cuba was ceded by Spain to the US in 1898. 古巴在1898年被西班牙割让给美国。
• A third of the territory was ceded to France. 领土的三分之一割让给了法国。 来自《简明英汉词典》

19 reclaiming   

v.开拓( reclaim的现在分词 )；要求收回；从废料中回收（有用的材料）；挽救

参考例句：

• People here are reclaiming land from the sea. 这儿的人们正在填海拓地。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• How could such a man need reclaiming? 这么一个了不起的人怎么还需要别人拯救呢？ 来自英汉文学 - 嘉莉妹妹