PBS高端访谈:加利福尼亚兽医用生物绷带治愈烧伤棕熊

JUDY WOODRUFF: Now to our NewsHour Shares. When two black bears were burned in a California wildfire, veterinarians used a treatment never tried before on animals. Our Julia Griffin explains.

JULIA GRIFFIN: December's Thomas Fire was the largest on record in California, scorching¹ more than 280,000 acres and destroying more than 1,000 homes. But while most human residents could escape the inferno², two black bears rescued by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife weren't so lucky.

Trapped by the flames, they had suffered severe second- and third-degree burns to their paws.

DR.JAMIE PEYTON, U.C. Davis veterinarian: This is all that is left of her normal pad.

JULIA GRIFFIN: For U.C. Davis veterinarian Jamie Peyton, addressing the bears' injuries would require outside-the-box thinking, namely, treating the burns with tilapia skins.

DR.JAMIE PEYTON: The bear, I will tell you, is probably the one that really inspired me to look into the tilapia bandages, because her wounds were so extensive and her pain was so severe. She was the one that made me say, you know, I need to do something else.

What else can I do?

JULIA GRIFFIN: Peyton knew doctors in Brazil had seen success in treating human burn victims with sterilized³ tilapia skin and was keen to try it on her animal patients.

DR.JAMIE PEYTON: If you look at the literature, treating wild animals that have experienced this degree of burns just hasn't been done.

JULIA GRIFFIN: The collagen in tilapia skin acts like a biological bandage, protecting and moisturizing the skin while promoting healing. And in this instance, Peyton wrapped the sutured wounds with corn husks to delay her patients' attempts to eat their edible⁴ dressings⁵. Positive results were almost immediate⁶.

DR.JAMIE PEYTON: Nothing is more rewarding than when you take an animal that won't walk because she's so painful. And we try a new therapy, and put those bandages, the tilapia skin, on her feet, and right after we got done, and she woke up, she stood up for the first time and was able to walk.

JULIA GRIFFIN: A speedy recovery was crucial. Limiting the bears' time in captivity⁷ would greatly improve their chances of long-term survival, especially since one was pregnant and would be better off delivering in the wild. So, while Peyton oversaw⁸ the bears' final treatment, Fish and Wildlife officials set in motion plans to release them, building two manmade, bear-approved dens⁹ five miles apart in unburned parts of Los Padres National Forest.

WOMAN: Bye, sweetheart. You are a good girl.

JULIA GRIFFIN: Sedated¹⁰ and secured, all that was left to do was deliver the bears to their new homes. Her patients discharged, Peyton reflected on the success of her unique treatment plan.

DR.JAMIE PEYTON: The tilapia skin, in my opinion is, one of those things that, you know, people said to me, what? That doesn't makes sense. You can't do that. And when someone says, you can't, I always think to myself, oh, I will. And I will make it happen, because I'm just passionate¹¹ about these animals and about helping¹²

them and allowing them to heal.

JULIA GRIFFIN: The California Department of Fish and Wildlife continues to monitor the bears' progress with trail cameras and GPS trackers. For the PBS NewsHour, I'm Julia Griffin.

朱蒂·伍德瑞夫：现在到了我们的《NewsHour Shares》栏目时段。当两只黑熊遭遇加利福尼亚野火，被烧伤时，兽医们使用了从未在动物身上使用过的治疗手段。我们的朱丽亚·格里芬为我们讲述。

朱丽亚·格里芬：十二月份的Thomas Fire是加利福尼亚有史以来最大的一次，它烧毁了超过280,000英亩的土地，以及1000多所房屋。虽然大多数人类居民都已安全撤离，但获得California Department of Fish and Wildlife营救的两只黑熊却没那么幸运。由于身陷火中，他们的爪子受到了严重的二度及三度烧伤。

杰米·佩顿医生，加州大学戴维斯分校兽医：她正常的掌垫，就剩下这点了。

朱丽亚·格里芬：对于加州大学戴维斯分校的兽医杰米·佩顿来说，要治愈熊的伤，就要跳出固有的思维模式，即用罗非鱼皮治疗烧伤。

杰米·佩顿医生：这只熊，我会告诉你，很可能真正激发我去深入研究罗非鱼绷带，因为她的伤口分布非常广泛，伴随剧烈疼痛。她让我认为，你知道，我需要做点其他事情。我还能做什么？

朱丽亚·格里芬：佩顿知道巴西的医生曾用消过毒的罗非鱼皮成功治愈了烧伤患者，她很想在她的动物患者们身上试一试。

杰米·佩顿医生：如果你查看文献记录，治疗如此烧伤程度的野生动物尚属首例。

朱丽亚·格里芬：罗非鱼皮肤中的胶原蛋白就像生物绷带一样，可以保护和滋润皮肤，促进伤口愈合。在这种情况下，佩顿把缝合的伤口用玉米外皮包裹起来，好让她的病人不要去吃他们的食用敷料。好的效果几乎立即就出现。

杰米·佩顿医生：让因痛苦无法行走的动物站立起来是最有成就感的事情了。我们尝试一种新疗法，把绷带，即罗非鱼皮肤，裹在她的脚上，我们刚做完，她就醒了，她第一次站了起来，能走路了。

朱丽亚·格里芬：迅速恢复至关重要。尽量控制熊的伤愈时间，将大大提高它们长期存活的机率，特别是自从怀孕后，在野外分娩就好多了。所以，当佩顿负责熊的最终治疗处理时，Fish and Wildlife的官员们开始为放生制定计划，在帕德里斯国家森林公园为经野火燃烧的地方，建造两个人造，熊喜欢的窝洞，这两个窝洞相距五英里。

女人：再见，甜心。你是个好女孩。

朱丽亚·格里芬：平静而又安全，只剩下把熊送到它们新的家园了。她的病人们出院了，佩顿认真考虑了她独特而又成功的治疗计划。

杰米·佩顿医生：在我看来，你知道，罗非鱼的皮肤只是人们对我说“什么？那没有道理。你不能那样做。”的材料中的一个。当有人说，你不能，我总是对自己说，哦，我能。并且我会让它成为现实，因为对这些动物，以及帮助他们痊愈，我充满热情。

朱丽亚·格里芬：California Department of Fish and Wildlife用跟踪摄像机和GPS跟踪器继续监测北极熊的活动情况。PBS NewsHour，我是朱丽亚·格里芬。

1 scorching   

adj. 灼热的

参考例句：

• a scorching, pitiless sun 灼热的骄阳
• a scorching critique of the government's economic policy 对政府经济政策的严厉批评

2 inferno   

n.火海；地狱般的场所

参考例句：

• Rescue workers fought to get to victims inside the inferno.救援人员奋力营救大火中的受害者。
• The burning building became an inferno.燃烧着的大楼成了地狱般的地方。

3 sterilized   

v.消毒( sterilize的过去式和过去分词 )；使无菌；使失去生育能力；使绝育

参考例句：

• My wife was sterilized after the birth of her fourth child. 我妻子生完第4个孩子后做了绝育手术。 来自辞典例句
• All surgical instruments must be sterilized before use. 所有的外科手术器械在使用之前，必须消毒。 来自辞典例句

4 edible   

n.食品，食物；adj.可食用的

参考例句：

• Edible wild herbs kept us from dying of starvation.我们靠着野菜才没被饿死。
• This kind of mushroom is edible,but that kind is not.这种蘑菇吃得，那种吃不得。

5 dressings   

n.敷料剂；穿衣( dressing的名词复数 )；穿戴；（拌制色拉的）调料；（保护伤口的）敷料

参考例句：

• He always made sure that any cuts were protected by sterile dressings. 他总是坚持要用无菌纱布包扎伤口。 来自辞典例句
• I waked the orderly and he poured mineral water on the dressings. 我喊醒勤务，他在我的绷带上倒了些矿质水。 来自辞典例句

6 immediate   

adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的

参考例句：

• His immediate neighbours felt it their duty to call.他的近邻认为他们有责任去拜访。
• We declared ourselves for the immediate convocation of the meeting.我们主张立即召开这个会议。

7 captivity   

n.囚禁；被俘；束缚

参考例句：

• A zoo is a place where live animals are kept in captivity for the public to see.动物园是圈养动物以供公众观看的场所。
• He was held in captivity for three years.他被囚禁叁年。

8 oversaw   

v.监督，监视( oversee的过去式 )

参考例句：

• He will go down as the president who oversaw two historic transitions. 他将作为见证了巴西两次历史性转变的总统，安然引退。 来自互联网
• Dixon oversaw the project as creative director of Design Research Studio. 狄克逊监督项目的创意总监设计研究工作室。 来自互联网

9 dens   

n.牙齿，齿状部分；兽窝( den的名词复数 )；窝点；休息室；书斋

参考例句：

• Female bears tend to line their dens with leaves or grass. 母熊往往会在洞穴里垫些树叶或草。 来自辞典例句
• In winter bears usually hibernate in their dens. 冬天熊通常在穴里冬眠。 来自辞典例句

10 sedated   

v.使昏昏入睡，使镇静( sedate的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• She's sedated,but she's probably scared out of her mind. 她很安静，但是她可能已经吓疯了。 来自电影对白
• Are you telling me the porn actually sedated you? 你是要告诉我，那毛片的确让你镇静下来吗？ 来自电影对白

11 passionate   

adj.热情的，热烈的，激昂的，易动情的，易怒的，性情暴躁的

参考例句：

• He is said to be the most passionate man.据说他是最有激情的人。
• He is very passionate about the project.他对那个项目非常热心。

12 helping   

n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的，辅助的

参考例句：

• The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
• By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。