PBS高端访谈:让女孩子走进电脑游戏编程

 　　GWEN IFILL: Now: giving girls access to a more level playing field in an area formerly¹ dominated by boys, making video games.

　　Special correspondent Sandra Hughes has the story.

　　SANDRA HUGHES: It's no secret that video gaming is aimed at a male audience. From creation to design to playing the games, the mostly violent first-person shooter games target boys, not girls.

　　No wonder. In 2013, women accounted for just 11 percent of computer game designers and only 3 percent of programmers. Ten-year old Scarlett Thompson isn't too young to understand there's a gender² gap.

　　SCARLETT THOMPSON, Alexa Cafe Participant: I love video games.

　　SANDRA HUGHES: Do you really?

　　SCARLETT THOMPSON: Yes. So, I mean, there's really…

　　SANDRA HUGHES: So, what's it like — what's it like for a girl who likes video games? Is it a tough world to be in?

　　SCARLETT THOMPSON: Kind of, because then, like, you have to compete with people, and it's just — sometimes it's really hard, like, online. It's not as fair and, like, I — like, oh, no I have a girl on my team. What am I going to do?

　　SANDRA HUGHES: These girls want to be more than just on the team. They want to create the game. They spent their summer break, along with thousands of others, at girls-only computer coding camps like the Alexa Cafe and Code Like a Girl.

　　These camps aim to balance the gender gap in the next generation of coders by supporting an early interest in technology from girls.

　　CLAUDIA ORTIZ, Code Like a Girl Instructor³: We're trying to create that environment, say, hey, you could be the world's best coder. It doesn't have to be your brother or it doesn't have to be, like, a male. It can be you.

　　TE STEVENS, Code Like a Girl Participant: It's called Code Like a Girl because we want to be treated equal, but that doesn't mean that I totally say, oh, boys stink⁴, because that would be kind of not really — that would kind of hypocritical, I guess.

　　OLIVIA FISHMAN, Code Like a Girl Participant: It's awesome⁵ because we all are here to learn more. We all have great intellectual minds. And we're all very curious. And we all have great ideas. And we all — we feed off of each other with our great ideas.

　　SANDRA HUGHES: These young coders say that learning in an all-girl environment has allowed them to focus more on cooperation and less on the competition they feel in school when working with boys.

　　KENDALL MCDERMOTT, Participant, Code Like a Girl: At school, there's always been a little bit of an issue when we do robotics unit. They think they are the only ones capable of coding and doing the work. So, often, it becomes a lot harder to do any of the work, or when you bounce an idea off someone, they're more like, no, my idea is right.

　　But, here, it's a lot of, you to ask someone for an idea and they are very, oh, here, let me help you. And it's a lot less of, no, you are wrong. And so it's just really nice to be in a really collaborative environment.

　　SANDRA HUGHES: Eleven-year old Kendall McDermott hasn't found boys collaborative or even friendly when she plays online video games. To avoid harassment⁶, she plays online as a he.

　　KENDALL MCDERMOTT: So, usually, I avoid mentioning gender, which makes it a lot more enjoyable. But it's kind of sad to think that if you, say — if you check the — because when they say, are you male or female, if you check female, sometimes, you get a lot of hackers⁷ and spammers and people saying rude things, even though they know nothing about you and don't have a photo of you or anything.

　　SANDRA HUGHES: The camp instructors⁸ see differences in how girls and boys create their games.

　　TE STEVENS: She's Supergirl, right, so she has to save somebody.

　　SANDRA HUGHES: Girls games focus more on a narrative⁹ than competition.

　　Is there a difference between sort of the boys and the girls do online and in camps?

　　SCARLETT THOMPSON: I don't think there's a difference. But I think that girls will make it more friendly and more, like, visual and happy, instead of, like, just gun games and dark and gloomy and scary.

　　SANDRA HUGHES: At Alexa Cafe, the girls design games aimed at having a positive social impact, like Scarlett's plan to save sea turtles.

　　SCARLETT THOMPSON: I made a game, and it was, you clean up all the trash before the turtles get them, and you have like three seconds to do it. It's actually pretty hard.

　　SANDRA HUGHES: Why do you think, Scarlett, it's important for girls to get to understand technology and get involved with coding and gaming and all of this? Why do girls need to get involved more?

　　SCARLETT THOMPSON: When girls start to run, like, these video games, then it will just help a lot, because then girls will allow girls to come on that video game.

　　SANDRA HUGHES: And get more and more girls, right?

　　SCARLETT THOMPSON: Yes.

　　SANDRA HUGHES: And then it'll be fair and it'll be even.

　　SCARLETT THOMPSON: Yes.

　　SANDRA HUGHES: Right now, it's not so fair and even?

　　SCARLETT THOMPSON: Mm-mmm.

　　KENDALL MCDERMOTT: If you only have one type of person thinking about something, and they can't find a solution to a problem, that might be because the way they are coming — they are coming to it. I think, sometimes, girls might have a different interpretation¹⁰ of the problem, and that way, it means they might come up with a different solution.

　　SANDRA HUGHES: A solution that includes both boys and girls coding together and creating games they both will enjoy.

　　For the PBS NewsHour, this is Sandra Hughes in Los Angeles.

1 formerly   

adv.从前，以前

参考例句：

• We now enjoy these comforts of which formerly we had only heard.我们现在享受到了过去只是听说过的那些舒适条件。
• This boat was formerly used on the rivers of China.这船从前航行在中国内河里。

2 gender   

n.（生理上的）性，（名词、代词等的）性

参考例句：

• French differs from English in having gender for all nouns.法语不同于英语，所有的名词都有性。
• Women are sometimes denied opportunities solely because of their gender.妇女有时仅仅因为性别而无法获得种种机会。

3 instructor   

n.指导者，教员，教练

参考例句：

• The college jumped him from instructor to full professor.大学突然把他从讲师提升为正教授。
• The skiing instructor was a tall,sunburnt man.滑雪教练是一个高高个子晒得黑黑的男子。

4 stink   

vi.发出恶臭；糟透，招人厌恶；n.恶臭

参考例句：

• The stink of the rotten fish turned my stomach.腐烂的鱼臭味使我恶心。
• The room has awful stink.那个房间散发着难闻的臭气。

5 awesome   

adj.令人惊叹的，难得吓人的，很好的

参考例句：

• The church in Ireland has always exercised an awesome power.爱尔兰的教堂一直掌握着令人敬畏的权力。
• That new white convertible is totally awesome.那辆新的白色折篷汽车简直棒极了.

6 harassment   

n.骚扰，扰乱，烦恼，烦乱

参考例句：

• She often got telephone harassment at night these days.这些天她经常在夜晚受到电话骚扰。
• The company prohibits any form of harassment.公司禁止任何形式的骚扰行为。

7 hackers   

n.计算机迷( hacker的名词复数 )；私自存取或篡改电脑资料者，电脑“黑客”

参考例句：

• They think of viruses that infect an organization from the outside.They envision hackers breaking into their information vaults. 他们考虑来自外部的感染公司的病毒，他们设想黑客侵入到信息宝库中。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Arranging a meeting with the hackers took weeks againoff-again email exchanges. 通过几星期电子邮件往来安排见面，他们最终同意了。 来自互联网

8 instructors   

指导者，教师( instructor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The instructors were slacking on the job. 教员们对工作松松垮垮。
• He was invited to sit on the rostrum as a representative of extramural instructors. 他以校外辅导员身份，被邀请到主席台上。

9 narrative   

n.叙述，故事；adj.叙事的，故事体的

参考例句：

• He was a writer of great narrative power.他是一位颇有记述能力的作家。
• Neither author was very strong on narrative.两个作者都不是很善于讲故事。

10 interpretation   

n.解释，说明，描述；艺术处理

参考例句：

• His statement admits of one interpretation only.他的话只有一种解释。
• Analysis and interpretation is a very personal thing.分析与说明是个很主观的事情。