PBS高端访谈:为什么吉百利追随者因买不到最爱的甜品而痛苦?

　　JUDY WOODRUFF: Walk through the aisles¹ of any drugstore lately and it's quite clear the Easter season has become a critical part of the year for candy makers³. But what's less obvious are some battles over the chocolate in those eggs and bunnies you may be buying.

　　Economics correspondent Paul Solman has the story, part of our ongoing⁴ reporting Making Sense, which airs every Thursday on the NewsHour.

　　PAUL SOLMAN: In New York City's Greenwich Village, British expat Nicky Perry and her husband, Sean Kavanagh-Dowsett, have recreated a little bit of the London they left behind, with two restaurants and a specialty⁵ shop.

　　And while they love living in the USA, they have got a beef with an all-American icon⁶, Hershey's, which owns the U.S. license⁷ to the equally iconic British brand Cadbury.

　　NICKY PERRY, Owner, Tea and Sympathy: The problem is, Hershey has stopped us from selling our Cadbury's chocolate.

　　SEAN KAVANAGH-DOWSETT, Owner, Tea and Sympathy: We have got a huge corporation trying to ban the import of something that's so important to people.

　　NICKY PERRY: This is what I do for a living, and I am not going to be told I am not going to sell my chocolate.

　　PAUL SOLMAN: And where do you get the authentic⁸ Cadbury's now?

　　NICKY PERRY: If I told you, I would have to kill you.

　　PAUL SOLMAN: So, give me British Cadbury, or give me death?

　　NICKY PERRY: We will fight them on the beaches. We will never — listen, you don't mess with British people, because once you upset us, it is war all the way, and we do not give up.

　　PAUL SOLMAN: The British counterrevolution began earlier this year, when Hershey's successfully sued a New Jersey⁹ company that was importing the British original, and distributing it not just to small specialty shops, but to large retailers¹⁰.

　　NEHAL PATEL, Cadbury Marketing¹¹ Director, The Hershey Company: We bought this trademark¹² in 1988 for $300 million, and we own this trademark, and we own every aspect of it.

　　PAUL SOLMAN: Nehal Patel is the Cadbury brand manager for Hershey's.

　　NEHAL PATEL: Cadbury is a very important brand to The Hershey Company. It is a brand that we have grown to be an iconic Easter brand. We're going to sell 50 million Creme Eggs this year.

　　NARRATOR: Everyone wants to be the Cadbury bunny, because only he brings delicious Cadbury Creme Eggs.

　　PAUL SOLMAN: And 50 million is hardly chicken feed. Easter has the largest share of seasonal¹³ candy sales in the U.S., over $2.3 billion last year, topping Valentine's Day, Christmas, even Halloween. So given the fact that Hershey's Cadbury brand generates over $200 million a year in sales, why doesn't Tea and Sympathy simply stock the American-made version?

　　NICKY PERRY: We have been here for 20 years in this shop selling Cadbury's chocolate, not just to British people, but to Americans, who all know that the English Cadbury is way, way better than the Hershey facsimile.

　　PAUL SOLMAN: And customers here concur¹⁴.

　　DEBRA BROTHERSON, Chocolate Buyer: I prefer it to the American because it's much smoother and tastier.

　　MARK ALLEN, Chocolate Buyer: I wouldn't buy the American version because it's not — to me, it's not the same thing.

　　DANIEL NEIDEN, Chocolate Buyer: It's not the same recipe. It doesn't taste the same. Unfortunately, it tastes just like Hershey's.

　　SEAN KAVANAGH-DOWSETT: Chocolate is such a strange thing. It triggers memories and emotions and feelings of well-being¹⁵, yummy warm feelings.

　　PAUL SOLMAN: And why so yummy?

　　SEAN KAVANAGH-DOWSETT: The number one ingredient in English Cadbury's is milk. The number one ingredient in the American version of Cadbury's is sugar.

　　PAUL SOLMAN: Well, so much for the British side of the story.

　　But what do they say in the American city synonymous with chocolate, Hershey, Pennsylvania? That the recipes are nearly identical.

　　Jim St. John is Hershey's master chocolatier.

　　JIM ST. JOHN, Vice¹⁶ President for Chocolate Product Development, The Hershey Company: The milk, sugar and chocolate were all cooked together in the British Isles². So we're buying their stuff. It's their specification¹⁷. It's what the Cadbury family first brought over here to the States.

　　PAUL SOLMAN: But, on the package, it says milk first on the English Cadbury and sugar first on the American Cadbury.

　　JIM ST. JOHN: Yes, that's true. And that's because the rules around labeling are different in England than they are in the United States. They count all the milk, including the water that was in the milk. In the United States, we can't count the water.

　　PAUL SOLMAN: But there is one crucial difference, and why Hershey's had to change the recipe to comply with U.S. federal regulations.

　　JIM ST. JOHN: What they sell in England can't be sold in the United States and be called milk chocolate, because they add fats other than cocoa butter. They're using palm and shea oils. We're only using cocoa butter.

　　PAUL SOLMAN: So, palm oil, shea oil, that's not part of what's considered chocolate in the United States, according to FDA standards?

　　JIM ST. JOHN: Right. Right. So, that is not a chocolate in the United States.

　　PAUL SOLMAN: So those remembrances of warm feelings past are triggered by palm and shea oils?

　　Well, even so, why not let the little store in Greenwich Village sell the original Cadbury chocolate? What's the big deal to Hershey?

　　NEHAL PATEL: Our intention is not to go after the smaller shops, but when we started seeing this formula in the mass retailers, that's when we got concerned, because it's a slippery slope.

　　PAUL SOLMAN: But, say the Brits, it's not just about Cadbury. Hershey's has successfully blocked other British brands, like Toffee Crisp, made by Nestle in the U.K., because its wrapper, says Hershey's, looks like their Reese's Peanut Butter Cup.

　　And England's Yorkie bar can no longer be imported because its name sounds like Hershey's York Peppermint¹⁸ Pattie.

　　NARRATOR: Get the sensation.

　　PAUL SOLMAN: So now here is a Yorkie bar from England. And you all won't allow this because the name is too similar to a York Peppermint Pattie?

　　JIM ST. JOHN: We own the name York. York Peppermint Pattie started out in York, Pennsylvania.

　　SEAN KAVANAGH-DOWSETT: York, Yorkshire, you know, War of the Roses.The grand old duke of York, he had 10,000 men. He marched them up to the top of the hill, and they wouldn't eat Cadbury's again.

　　PAUL SOLMAN: So, as Easter nears, where are we? Cadbury U.S. vs. Cadbury U.K., a tempest in a tea shop, perhaps, but when it comes to Toffee Crisps and the Yorkie bar, non-nationalist observers, like lawyer and Tea and Sympathy customer Yetta Kurland wonder, if Hershey's isn't being just a tad overprotective of its intellectual property.

　　YETTA KURLAND, Lawyer: We want to recognize and respect licenses¹⁹ and contracts between companies, but we ought to be careful that we're also letting people engage in commerce and run their businesses.

　　PAUL SOLMAN: Reporting for the PBS NewsHour from New York, this is economics correspondent Paul Solman.

1 aisles   

n. (席位间的)通道, 侧廊

参考例句：

• Aisles were added to the original Saxon building in the Norman period. 在诺曼时期，原来的萨克森风格的建筑物都增添了走廊。
• They walked about the Abbey aisles, and presently sat down. 他们走到大教堂的走廊附近，并且很快就坐了下来。

2 isles   

岛( isle的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• the geology of the British Isles 不列颠群岛的地质
• The boat left for the isles. 小船驶向那些小岛。

3 makers   

n.制造者，制造商（maker的复数形式）

参考例句：

• The makers of the product assured us that there had been no sacrifice of quality. 这一产品的制造商向我们保证说他们没有牺牲质量。
• The makers are about to launch out a new product. 制造商们马上要生产一种新产品。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 ongoing   

adj.进行中的，前进的

参考例句：

• The problem is ongoing.这个问题尚未解决。
• The issues raised in the report relate directly to Age Concern's ongoing work in this area.报告中提出的问题与“关心老人”组织在这方面正在做的工作有直接的关系。

5 specialty   

n.(speciality)特性，特质；专业，专长

参考例句：

• Shell carvings are a specialty of the town.贝雕是该城的特产。
• His specialty is English literature.他的专业是英国文学。

6 icon   

n.偶像，崇拜的对象，画像

参考例句：

• They found an icon in the monastery.他们在修道院中发现了一个圣像。
• Click on this icon to align or justify text.点击这个图标使文本排齐。

7 license   

n.执照，许可证，特许；v.许可，特许

参考例句：

• The foreign guest has a license on the person.这个外国客人随身携带执照。
• The driver was arrested for having false license plates on his car.司机由于使用假车牌而被捕。

8 authentic   

a.真的，真正的；可靠的，可信的，有根据的

参考例句：

• This is an authentic news report. We can depend on it. 这是篇可靠的新闻报道, 我们相信它。
• Autumn is also the authentic season of renewal. 秋天才是真正的除旧布新的季节。

9 jersey   

n.运动衫

参考例句：

• He wears a cotton jersey when he plays football.他穿运动衫踢足球。
• They were dressed alike in blue jersey and knickers.他们穿着一致，都是蓝色的运动衫和灯笼短裤。

10 retailers   

零售商，零售店( retailer的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• High street retailers reported a marked increase in sales before Christmas. 商业街的零售商报告说圣诞节前销售量显著提高。
• Retailers have a statutory duty to provide goods suitable for their purpose. 零售商有为他们提供符合要求的货品的法定义务。

11 marketing   

n.行销，在市场的买卖，买东西

参考例句：

• They are developing marketing network.他们正在发展销售网络。
• He often goes marketing.他经常去市场做生意。

12 trademark   

n.商标；特征；vt.注册的…商标

参考例句：

• The trademark is registered on the book of the Patent Office.该商标已在专利局登记注册。
• The trademark of the pen was changed.这钢笔的商标改了。

13 seasonal   

adj.季节的，季节性的

参考例句：

• The town relies on the seasonal tourist industry for jobs.这个城镇依靠季节性旅游业提供就业机会。
• The hors d'oeuvre is seasonal vegetables.餐前小吃是应时蔬菜。

14 concur   

v.同意，意见一致，互助，同时发生

参考例句：

• Wealth and happiness do not always concur.财富与幸福并非总是并存的。
• I concur with the speaker in condemning what has been done.我同意发言者对所做的事加以谴责。

15 well-being   

n.安康，安乐，幸福

参考例句：

• He always has the well-being of the masses at heart.他总是把群众的疾苦挂在心上。
• My concern for their well-being was misunderstood as interference.我关心他们的幸福，却被误解为多管闲事。

16 vice   

n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的

参考例句：

• He guarded himself against vice.他避免染上坏习惯。
• They are sunk in the depth of vice.他们堕入了罪恶的深渊。

17 specification   

n.详述；[常pl.]规格，说明书，规范

参考例句：

• I want to know his specification of details.我想知道他对细节的详述。
• Examination confirmed that the quality of the products was up to specification.经检查，产品质量合格。

18 peppermint   

n.薄荷，薄荷油，薄荷糖

参考例句：

• Peppermint oil is very good for regulating digestive disorders.薄荷油能很有效地调节消化系统失调。
• He sat down,popped in a peppermint and promptly choked to death.他坐下来，突然往嘴里放了一颗薄荷糖，当即被噎死。

19 licenses   

n.执照( license的名词复数 )v.批准，许可，颁发执照( license的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• Drivers have ten days' grace to renew their licenses. 驾驶员更换执照有10天的宽限期。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• Jewish firms couldn't get import or export licenses or raw materials. 犹太人的企业得不到进出口许可证或原料。 来自辞典例句