pbs高端访谈:莱纳德捐赠其收藏的立体派杰作

 　　JUDY WOODRUFF:Next: a treasure trove¹ of cubist art and a record gift for the Metropolitan² Museum of Art in New York.

　　Margaret Warner has more.

　　MARGARET WARNER:Philanthropist Leonard Lauder, an heir to the Estee Lauder estate, is giving the Met his entire collection of cubist art. The 78 paintings, drawings and sculptures are valued together at more than $1 billion dollars. They include 33 pieces by Pablo Picasso, like Woman in an Armchair from 1913, 17 works by Georges Braque, including Bottle of Rum from 1914, and other major pieces by Fernand Leger and Juan Gris.

　　For more on the collection and its significance, we turn now to Rebecca Rabinow, a curator from the Met's Department of Modern and Contemporary Art. And she joins us from San Francisco.

　　And, Ms. Rabinow, thank you for joining us.

　　What is the—how unusual and how important is this bequest³, both as a body of work in and of itself, and also for the Met?

　　REBECCA RABINOW,Metropolitan Museum of Art: It's extraordinary in every possible way.

　　On the one hand, you have a collector who has really focused so intently and so in-depth at one particular moment, buying the best of the best. So it's an extraordinary collection. And in giving it to the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Mr. Lauder has transformed our holdings, certainly of 20th century art.

　　He understands that this was a big lack of the collection, and by giving us these extraordinary works, cubist works, we can really help start to tell some of those important stories of modern art. But he also understands that it is an encyclopedic museum. So we are able to put it in the context of art from other cultures and arts of other time periods.

　　So, from our point of view, this is a transformative gift of the highest caliber⁴.

　　MARGARET WARNER:And help us understand cubism. It's oft been described, of course, as revolutionary. What was revolutionary in the way cubist artists portrayed⁵ the world?

　　REBECCA RABINOW:So, you're talking about Braque, Georges Braque, and Pablo Picasso, two young artists who were working in Paris.

　　In 1908, there was an exhibition of Braque's work at the gallery Kahnweiler, a gallery in Paris. And it was at that gallery that a critic coined the term cubism. He felt that Braque was taking apart the picture plane and turning shapes, using geometric shapes to reproduce objects of art in a sense.

　　By 1909, Braque and Picasso were inseparable. They became great friends. They went to each other's studios every day. They vacationed together. And they began to look at art and art's possibilities in an entirely⁶ new way. They began to emphasize that two-dimensional aspect of a painted surface.

　　They were interested in breaking up contours and creating a faceted⁷ surface, looking at one work of art from multiple points of view simultaneously⁸. So what the cubists did was absolutely revolutionary for themselves, but also in the way it inspired other artists.

　　MARGARET WARNER:Let's take Picasso's Nude⁹ Woman in a Chair from 1909. How does that illustrate¹⁰ cubism as you just described it?

　　REBECCA RABINOW:That painting, which is a masterpiece in and of itself, about 3 feet tall, is a perfect example of how cubism bridged 19th century—late 19th century art into the 20th century, because Picasso was very interested in the art of Paul Cezanne. Cezanne had recently died. There was a retrospective of his work in 1907.

　　And what Picasso is doing in that painting is that he is looking at Cezanne's famous pictures of his own wife, Hortense, seated in an armchair. But now Picasso is starting to break apart the forms. And so it's clearly identifiable as a woman, and yet he's showing her from multiple perspectives simultaneously. He's starting to reduce or simplify parts of her anatomy¹¹ into geometric forms.

　　So, that painting really in many ways is a wonderful link. It shows Picasso looking back to what came before and also looking forward to see his new direction.

　　MARGARET WARNER:Could any museum, even with a large budget for acquisitions, go out on the market today and acquire a collection of this kind of size and depth in one field?

　　REBECCA RABINOW:It would be absolutely impossible to replicate¹² Mr. Lauder's collection. These important cubist works are simply not on the market, in private hands, because his collection is not only about fantastic works of art. He bought the best of the best.

　　But he was a scholar collector in many ways. He was interested not only in sort of the formal values, how these pictures look, how they function within an artist's career, but interested in them as objects as well and in history. So, his collection has works that passed through the most important cubist dealers¹³' hands, the most important cubist collectors' works.

　　He has pictures in his collection that were exhibited in historic exhibitions, like the Armory¹⁴ exhibition of 1913, which introduced modernism to American audiences. So his collection is a collection of firsts. It's a collection of masterpieces. It is absolutely impossible to replicate, and we are just thrilled to be able to have it at the Met for the enjoyment¹⁵ of everyone.

　　MARGARET WARNER:And the public will get to see this next year in a special exhibition.

　　Rebecca Rabinow, thank you so much.

　　JUDY WOODRUFF:Watch a slide show of the donated works on Art Beat.

1 trove   

n.被发现的东西，收藏的东西

参考例句：

• He assembled a rich trove of Chinese porcelain.他收集了一批中国瓷器。
• The gallery is a treasure trove of medieval art.这个画廊是中世纪艺术的宝库。

2 metropolitan   

adj.大城市的，大都会的

参考例句：

• Metropolitan buildings become taller than ever.大城市的建筑变得比以前更高。
• Metropolitan residents are used to fast rhythm.大都市的居民习惯于快节奏。

3 bequest   

n.遗赠；遗产，遗物

参考例句：

• In his will he made a substantial bequest to his wife.在遗嘱里他给妻子留下了一大笔遗产。
• The library has received a generous bequest from a local businessman.图书馆从当地一位商人那里得到了一大笔遗赠。

4 caliber   

n.能力；水准

参考例句：

• They ought to win with players of such high caliber.他们选手的能力这样高,应该获胜。
• We are always trying to improve the caliber of our schools.我们一直在想方设法提高我们学校的水平。

5 portrayed   

v.画像( portray的过去式和过去分词 )；描述；描绘；描画

参考例句：

• Throughout the trial, he portrayed himself as the victim. 在审讯过程中，他始终把自己说成是受害者。
• The author portrayed his father as a vicious drunkard. 作者把他父亲描绘成一个可恶的酒鬼。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

6 entirely   

ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地

参考例句：

• The fire was entirely caused by their neglect of duty. 那场火灾完全是由于他们失职而引起的。
• His life was entirely given up to the educational work. 他的一生统统献给了教育工作。

7 faceted   

adj. 有小面的，分成块面的

参考例句：

• The skill with which Mr. Smith faceted the diamond is remarkable. 史密斯先生在钻石上雕刻小平面的精湛技巧真是了不起。
• Webb is a multi-faceted performer. 韦布是一个多才多艺的表演者。

8 simultaneously   

adv.同时发生地，同时进行地

参考例句：

• The radar beam can track a number of targets almost simultaneously.雷达波几乎可以同时追着多个目标。
• The Windows allow a computer user to execute multiple programs simultaneously.Windows允许计算机用户同时运行多个程序。

9 nude   

adj.裸体的；n.裸体者，裸体艺术品

参考例句：

• It's a painting of the Duchess of Alba in the nude.这是一幅阿尔巴公爵夫人的裸体肖像画。
• She doesn't like nude swimming.她不喜欢裸泳。

10 illustrate   

v.举例说明，阐明；图解，加插图

参考例句：

• The company's bank statements illustrate its success.这家公司的银行报表说明了它的成功。
• This diagram will illustrate what I mean.这个图表可说明我的意思。

11 anatomy   

n.解剖学，解剖；功能，结构，组织

参考例句：

• He found out a great deal about the anatomy of animals.在动物解剖学方面，他有过许多发现。
• The hurricane's anatomy was powerful and complex.对飓风的剖析是一项庞大而复杂的工作。

12 replicate   

v.折叠，复制，模写；n.同样的样品；adj.转折的

参考例句：

• The DNA of chromatin must replicate before cell division.染色质DNA在细胞分裂之前必须复制。
• It is also easy to replicate,as the next subsection explains.就像下一个小节详细说明的那样，它还可以被轻易的复制。

13 dealers   

n.商人( dealer的名词复数 )；贩毒者；毒品贩子；发牌者

参考例句：

• There was fast bidding between private collectors and dealers. 私人收藏家和交易商急速竞相喊价。
• The police were corrupt and were operating in collusion with the drug dealers. 警察腐败，与那伙毒品贩子内外勾结。

14 armory   

n.纹章，兵工厂，军械库

参考例句：

• Nuclear weapons will play a less prominent part in NATO's armory in the future.核武器将来在北约的军械中会起较次要的作用。
• Every March the Armory Show sets up shop in New York.每年三月，军械博览会都会在纽约设置展场。

15 enjoyment   

n.乐趣；享有；享用

参考例句：

• Your company adds to the enjoyment of our visit. 有您的陪同，我们这次访问更加愉快了。
• After each joke the old man cackled his enjoyment.每逢讲完一个笑话，这老人就呵呵笑着表示他的高兴。