PBS高端访谈:俄罗斯因兴奋剂而被禁参加2018年冬奥会

Judy Woodruff: But first, Russian will be banned from participating as a national team in the upcoming Winter Olympics in PyeongChang, South Korea, because of previous systematic¹ doping. Some Russian athletes could still compete with special dispensation, but the punishment from the International Olympic Committee, or IOC, is unprecedented². William Brangham gets a fuller look at this surprising decision.

William Brangham: Today's decision by the IOC means you will not see scenes like these. There will be no display of the Russian flag at the Games in February. The Russian anthem³ will not be played. Russian government officials cannot attend. Some Russian athletes, many of whom often medal in the Winter Games, can play if they can prove they are clean of performance-enhancing drugs, but they will have to wear neutral non-Russian uniforms. Russian President Vladimir Putin had already warned that a tough punishment like this could provoke a boycott⁴. His country's officials have denied they used banned drugs at the Sochi Olympics. But the IOC has found evidence that the Russian Sports Ministry⁵ had an extensive doping program in effect at those 2014 Winter Games. IOC President Thomas Bach cited those findings today.

Thomas Bach: The report clearly lays out an unprecedented attack on the integrity of the Olympic Games and sports. The report includes, in particular, the manipulation of the anti-doping laboratory at the Olympic Winter Games in Sochi 2014. This decision should draw a line under this damaging episode and serve as a catalyst⁶ for a more effective and more robust⁷ anti-doping system led by WADA.

William Brangham: So, what does this mean for the Winter Games? Christine Brennan covers the Olympics extensively for USA Today. And she joins me now. So, Christine, this is a pretty surprising, stunning⁸ development. What's your reaction?

Christine Brennan: Oh, absolutely, William. I was surprised. I didn't see this coming. I thought this is what the International Olympic Committee executive board should do, but did I think it was going to happen? No. The IOC is the oldest of the old boys' networks. And Vladimir Putin is their buddy⁹. He just spent $51 billion, billion with a B, to put the Olympics in Sochi just four years ago. And I think Vladimir Putin thought that he had a lifetime pass to basically get away with whatever he wanted with the International Olympic Committee based on that incredible gift he gave of the Olympics in Sochi and building them from scratch, to the tune¹⁰ of $51 billion, but no. And the IOC basically said, enough is enough. This is not, William, Lance Armstrong or Marion Jones or some of the other scoundrels who have -- who are notoriously cheating and getting caught. This is the state-sponsored doping machine of Russia, government-involved, multilayered, over 1,000 athletes cheating, at the very least, and now 25 athletes just from Sochi alone kicked out, banned that accounted for 11 medals that should have gone to other athletes to other countries from who were not cheating, and instead were robbed of that moment on the victory stand by this diabolical¹¹ Russian plan. So, it's a great day for clean sport, and it's a great day for those who are sick and tired of all the cheating that has been going on in the Olympic Games.

William Brangham: So, as I mentioned before, depending on whether the Russians choose to boycott or not, Russian athletes, if they can prove that they're clean, can compete. Can you explain how that might happen? They have to wear these strange uniforms. How will that go forward?

Christine Brennan: And, by the way, the uniforms, Nike is already in on that. And they're the ones that are going to be making these white, or whatever they are, basically neutral uniforms. So, they're -- and then, as you said, of course, no Russian flag, no Russian anthem. It will be the Olympic hymn¹² and the Olympic flag, the five-ring Olympic flag. But how this goes from here, it's going to be fascinating. There's two months basically until the Games starting in February. And so athletes who -- Russian athletes who want to maintain their innocence¹³ and say they're clean -- and, certainly, there are those who are -- are going to go in front of a panel that is supposed to be independent, that will involve the World Anti-Doping Agency, several other entities¹⁴, experts who are not affiliated¹⁵ with any country, at least hopefully. And they will plead their case. What they will do is show that they have taken X-number of drug tests around the world. So, say, a figure skater competes at Skate America or Skate Canada. Well, he or she will then have a drug test, very likely, from Canada or from the United States. That's one or two. If you have been in Japan and competing, if you're a biathlete and you have competed around the world, you have been tested around the world. The idea is to prove that you were tested by legitimate¹⁶ drug testing around the world in Western nations or in Asia who have been going by the book and have not been cheating, as the Russians have. And if you can prove that -- they will probably do an interview as well with the athlete -- then, in fact, that athlete will be able to compete at the Olympics in South Korea.

William Brangham: Last quick question for you, Christine. Do you think this big stance today will do anything to stop doping more widely?

Christine Brennan: I hope it does, because this is a major statement. This is unprecedented. And this is really the finest hour in the long, tangled¹⁷ history, William, of the Olympic Games and performance-enhancing drugs. So, if any country is out there, a Russia in the future, anyone else, who is thinking, hey, we're going to try to pull this off and have it be state-sponsored doping, well, they just got a huge message today that you're going to pay a very big price for that.

William Brangham: All right, Christine Brennan of USA Today, thank you so much.

Christine Brennan: Thank you, William.

1 systematic   

adj.有系统的，有计划的，有方法的

参考例句：

• The way he works isn't very systematic.他的工作不是很有条理。
• The teacher made a systematic work of teaching.这个教师进行系统的教学工作。

2 unprecedented   

adj.无前例的，新奇的

参考例句：

• The air crash caused an unprecedented number of deaths.这次空难的死亡人数是空前的。
• A flood of this sort is really unprecedented.这样大的洪水真是十年九不遇。

3 anthem   

n.圣歌，赞美诗，颂歌

参考例句：

• All those present were standing solemnly when the national anthem was played.奏国歌时全场肃立。
• As he stood on the winner's rostrum,he sang the words of the national anthem.他站在冠军领奖台上，唱起了国歌。

4 boycott   

n./v.(联合)抵制，拒绝参与

参考例句：

• We put the production under a boycott.我们联合抵制该商品。
• The boycott lasts a year until the Victoria board permitsreturn.这个抗争持续了一年直到维多利亚教育局妥协为止。

5 ministry   

n.(政府的)部；牧师

参考例句：

• They sent a deputation to the ministry to complain.他们派了一个代表团到部里投诉。
• We probed the Air Ministry statements.我们调查了空军部的记录。

6 catalyst   

n.催化剂，造成变化的人或事

参考例句：

• A catalyst is a substance which speeds up a chemical reaction.催化剂是一种能加速化学反应的物质。
• The workers'demand for better conditions was a catalyst for social change.工人们要求改善工作条件促进了社会变革。

7 robust   

adj.强壮的，强健的，粗野的，需要体力的，浓的

参考例句：

• She is too tall and robust.她个子太高，身体太壮。
• China wants to keep growth robust to reduce poverty and avoid job losses,AP commented.美联社评论道，中国希望保持经济强势增长，以减少贫困和失业状况。

8 stunning   

adj.极好的；使人晕倒的

参考例句：

• His plays are distinguished only by their stunning mediocrity.他的戏剧与众不同之处就是平凡得出奇。
• The finished effect was absolutely stunning.完工后的效果非常美。

9 buddy   

n.（美口）密友，伙伴

参考例句：

• Calm down,buddy.What's the trouble?压压气，老兄。有什么麻烦吗？
• Get out of my way,buddy!别挡道了，你这家伙！

10 tune   

n.调子；和谐，协调；v.调音，调节，调整

参考例句：

• He'd written a tune,and played it to us on the piano.他写了一段曲子，并在钢琴上弹给我们听。
• The boy beat out a tune on a tin can.那男孩在易拉罐上敲出一首曲子。

11 diabolical   

adj.恶魔似的，凶暴的

参考例句：

• This maneuver of his is a diabolical conspiracy.他这一手是一个居心叵测的大阴谋。
• One speaker today called the plan diabolical and sinister.今天一名发言人称该计划阴险恶毒。

12 hymn   

n.赞美诗，圣歌，颂歌

参考例句：

• They sang a hymn of praise to God.他们唱着圣歌，赞美上帝。
• The choir has sung only two verses of the last hymn.合唱团只唱了最后一首赞美诗的两个段落。

13 innocence   

n.无罪；天真；无害

参考例句：

• There was a touching air of innocence about the boy.这个男孩有一种令人感动的天真神情。
• The accused man proved his innocence of the crime.被告人经证实无罪。

14 entities   

实体对像； 实体，独立存在体，实际存在物( entity的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Our newspaper and our printing business form separate corporate entities. 我们的报纸和印刷业形成相对独立的企业实体。
• The North American continent is made up of three great structural entities. 北美大陆是由三个构造单元组成的。

15 affiliated   

adj. 附属的, 有关连的

参考例句：

• The hospital is affiliated with the local university. 这家医院附属于当地大学。
• All affiliated members can vote. 所有隶属成员都有投票权。

16 legitimate   

adj.合法的，合理的，合乎逻辑的；v.使合法

参考例句：

• Sickness is a legitimate reason for asking for leave.生病是请假的一个正当的理由。
• That's a perfectly legitimate fear.怀有这种恐惧完全在情理之中。

17 tangled   

adj. 纠缠的，紊乱的 动词tangle的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• Your hair's so tangled that I can't comb it. 你的头发太乱了，我梳不动。
• A movement caught his eye in the tangled undergrowth. 乱灌木丛里的晃动引起了他的注意。