PBS高端访谈:介绍一把世界上最珍贵的小提琴

NICK SCHIFRIN: Finally tonight, a story about a violin that tugs¹ at the heart and purse strings². Jackie Shafer of WOSU in Columbus, Ohio, reports on the beautiful sound and serious security that comes with one of the world's most valuable instruments, part of our ongoing³ arts and culture series, Canvas.

JACKIE SHAFER: The Paganini violin is considered an Italian national treasure. It's insured for about $35 million, and the only person normally allowed to handle it is conservator Bruce Carlson.

BRUCE CARLSON, Conservator, Paganini Violin: It's mostly that the instrument is so special to the Genovese that they absolutely do not want anything to happen to it.

JACKIE SHAFER: On the rare occasion that the Paganini violin does travel from its home in Genoa, Italy, it requires its own seat on the plane and an armed security escort.

BRUCE CARLSON: It's still there.

JACKIE SHAFER: In its nearly 300 years of existence, the instrument traveled to the United States on only four occasions, to San Francisco in 1999, to New York City in 1982 and 2003, and this spring to Columbus, Ohio, where it was displayed for one week only at the Columbus Museum of Art. The Paganini violin was owned and played by the celebrated⁴ 18th century virtuoso⁵ Niccolo Paganini, often referred to as the Devil's Violinist. Upon his death in 1840, he bequeathed his violin to the city of Genoa, where it lives on permanent display in City Hall under tight humidity and temperature controls. Today, tourists from all over the world travel to Genoa to view, but not hear the renowned⁶ instrument.

BRUCE CARLSON: The violin itself is made by one of the two most famous violin makers⁸ of all time, and both were from Cremona. There was Antonio Stradivari, and there was Giuseppe Guarneri del Gesu. You put these two things together with the aura of Niccolo Paganini and then Giuseppe Guarneri del Gesu, the violin maker⁷, then it's the perfect combination.

JACKIE SHAFER: Back in Ohio, Columbus Symphony concertmaster Joanna Frankel was given only a few precious hours to rehearse on the violin before a one-night-only performance. One of the things we try to do, which is part of the conservation thing, is to make sure that who is playing the instrument is, you know, really qualified⁹ to play the instrument, because I think we'd have a line outside the door if we said that anybody could play it.

JOANNA FRANKEL, Columbus Symphony Concertmaster: It does feel very sacred to kind of live up to the history of such a fine antique.

JACKIE SHAFER: Paganini named the violin Il Cannone, meaning The Cannon¹⁰, due to its explosive sound.

JOANNA FRANKEL: You just feel like, with the slightest touch, the sound reverberates¹¹ all over the room, into the hall, down the street. You just feel this unbridled power.

JACKIE SHAFER: And that unbridled power graced the audience as Frankel finally performed on the Paganini violin in a Columbus Symphony Orchestra program featuring Italian composers. Columbus Symphony Music director Rossen Milanov: ROSSEN MILANOV, Columbus Symphony Music Director: It's just designed to showcase the uniqueness of the instrument, and also to showcase the beautiful, versatile¹² function that the violin could have in the context of the orchestra, both as an orchestral instrument and also as a solo.

JACKIE SHAFER: For the PBS NewsHour, I'm Jackie Shafer in Columbus, Ohio.

尼克：今晚，我们将为大家带来一段与小提琴有关的动人心弦的故事。杰基·谢弗是我台驻俄亥俄州哥伦布WOSU站的记者，他主要报道的是世界上一种最珍贵乐器所带来的优美声音和切实安全感。该乐器也是我们正在着力推出的帆布系列报道的部分艺术文化内容。

杰基·谢弗：帕格尼尼小提琴是意大利国宝。帕格尼尼小提琴已经获保3500美元，而正常情况下，唯一可以使用它的是保护员布鲁斯·卡尔森。

布鲁斯·卡尔森，帕格尼尼小提琴保护员：这种小提琴对热那亚人来说如此特别，所以热那亚人不希望帕格尼尼有任何不好的事情发生。

尼克：有罕见的情况是——帕格尼尼小提琴要乘坐飞机从家乡——意大利热那亚去往其他地方，这种情况下，小提琴在飞机上要有专座，同时也要有警卫看守。

布鲁斯·卡尔森：小提琴至今完好无损。

杰基·谢弗：在小提琴存续的近300年时间里，曾经去过美国4次，其中去旧金山是在1999年，去纽约是在1982年和2003年，今年春天去了俄亥俄州的哥伦布，仅在哥伦布艺术博物馆展览了一周。帕格尼尼小提琴18世纪的主人和演奏者是艺术大师尼克洛·帕格尼尼，大家也称他为魔鬼小提琴家帕格尼尼。1840年，帕格尼尼去世后，这把小提琴转交给了热那亚市。从那时开始，这把小提琴就保存在市政厅，其所处室内的湿度和温度都有严格把控。如今，世界各地的游客都会去往热内亚观赏这把小提琴，但从未听过它演奏的声音。

布鲁斯·卡尔森：这把小提琴本身是由人类历史上最负盛名的两位小提琴制造家中的一位打造的，这两位制作家都来自于克雷莫纳。他们分别是安东尼奥·斯特拉迪瓦里和瓜奈利·德尔·杰苏。小提琴本身带有2个人的光环——尼克洛·帕格尼尼和那时候还在世的制作家瓜奈利·德尔·杰苏，这个组合堪称完美。

杰基·谢弗：而俄亥俄州哥伦比亚的交响乐首席小提琴演奏者弗兰克尔在长达一晚的演出前，仅有宝贵的几小时时间来用这把小提琴排练。我们努力在做的一件事就是保护小提琴，时刻确保当前演奏它的人是谁，任何人是否有资格演奏它。因为如果我们说任何人都可以演奏它的话，那排队的人一定都到大门外了。

乔安娜·弗兰克尔，哥伦比亚交响乐保护员：要守护这样一种古老历史遗物的感觉是非常神圣的。

杰基·谢弗：帕格尼尼给这把小提琴起名为Il Cannone，这个名字的意思是“大炮”，取这个名字是因为小提琴的声音特别大。

乔安娜·弗兰克尔：你会感觉轻触一下之后，声音就会在房间、大厅、街道上回响，震撼感很强。

杰基·谢弗：这种震撼感终于能让观众体验一下了，因为弗兰克尔最终在意大利演奏家专场上跟美国哥伦布交响乐团一起合作，演奏了这把小提琴。

美国哥伦布交响乐团音乐指导罗森·米拉诺夫：我是哥伦布交响乐团的音乐指导罗森·米拉诺夫。今天的设计是为了展现这把乐器的独特，也是为了展现它完美多样的功能。它适用于管弦乐队，既可以做管弦乐器，也可以用于独奏。

杰基·谢弗：感谢收听杰基·谢弗从俄亥俄州哥伦比亚发回的《新闻一小时》报道。

1 tugs   

n.猛拉( tug的名词复数 )；猛拖；拖船v.用力拉，使劲拉，猛扯( tug的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• The raucous sirens of the tugs came in from the river. 河上传来拖轮发出的沙哑的汽笛声。 来自辞典例句
• As I near the North Tower, the wind tugs at my role. 当我接近北塔的时候，风牵动着我的平衡杆。 来自辞典例句

2 strings   

n.弦

参考例句：

• He sat on the bed,idly plucking the strings of his guitar.他坐在床上，随意地拨着吉他的弦。
• She swept her fingers over the strings of the harp.她用手指划过竖琴的琴弦。

3 ongoing   

adj.进行中的，前进的

参考例句：

• The problem is ongoing.这个问题尚未解决。
• The issues raised in the report relate directly to Age Concern's ongoing work in this area.报告中提出的问题与“关心老人”组织在这方面正在做的工作有直接的关系。

4 celebrated   

adj.有名的，声誉卓著的

参考例句：

• He was soon one of the most celebrated young painters in England.不久他就成了英格兰最负盛名的年轻画家之一。
• The celebrated violinist was mobbed by the audience.观众团团围住了这位著名的小提琴演奏家。

5 virtuoso   

n.精于某种艺术或乐器的专家，行家里手

参考例句：

• He was gaining a reputation as a remarkable virtuoso.作为一位技艺非凡的大师，他声誉日隆。
• His father was a virtuoso horn player who belonged to the court orchestra.他的父亲是宫廷乐队中一个技巧精湛的圆号演奏家。

6 renowned   

adj.著名的，有名望的，声誉鹊起的

参考例句：

• He is one of the world's renowned writers.他是世界上知名的作家之一。
• She is renowned for her advocacy of human rights.她以提倡人权而闻名。

7 maker   

n.制造者，制造商

参考例句：

• He is a trouble maker，You must be distant with him.他是个捣蛋鬼，你不要跟他在一起。
• A cabinet maker must be a master craftsman.家具木工必须是技艺高超的手艺人。

8 makers   

n.制造者，制造商（maker的复数形式）

参考例句：

• The makers of the product assured us that there had been no sacrifice of quality. 这一产品的制造商向我们保证说他们没有牺牲质量。
• The makers are about to launch out a new product. 制造商们马上要生产一种新产品。 来自《简明英汉词典》

9 qualified   

adj.合格的，有资格的，胜任的，有限制的

参考例句：

• He is qualified as a complete man of letters.他有资格当真正的文学家。
• We must note that we still lack qualified specialists.我们必须看到我们还缺乏有资质的专家。

10 cannon   

n.大炮，火炮；飞机上的机关炮

参考例句：

• The soldiers fired the cannon.士兵们开炮。
• The cannon thundered in the hills.大炮在山间轰鸣。

11 reverberates   

回响，回荡( reverberate的第三人称单数 )； 使反响，使回荡，使反射

参考例句：

• His voice reverberates from the high ceiling. 他的声音自天花板顶处反射回来。
• No single phrase of his reverberates or penetrates as so many of La Bruyere's do. 他没有一个句子能象拉布吕耶尔的许多句子那样余音回荡，入木三分。

12 versatile   

adj.通用的，万用的；多才多艺的，多方面的

参考例句：

• A versatile person is often good at a number of different things.多才多艺的人通常擅长许多种不同的事情。
• He had been one of the game's most versatile athletes.他是这项运动中技术最全面的运动员之一。