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中学生作弊被神经网络捕获

This is Scientific American's 60-second Science, I'm Christopher Intagliata.

这里是科学美国人——60秒科学系列，我是克里斯托弗·因塔格里塔。

The English-language version of Wikipedia has almost six million articles. And if you're a cheating student, that's six million essays already written for you, footnotes and all. Except plagiarism¹ isn't really an effective tactic—just plug the text into a search engine and game over.

维基百科英文版有近600万篇文章。如果你是个作弊的学生，那这就是600万篇已经为你写好的论文，甚至连脚注都有。除了剽窃并不是真正有效的策略——只要将文本放到搜索引擎里，那你就完了。

But what about having a ghostwriter at a paper mill compose your final essay?

那让论文工厂的“枪手”来写你的期末论文怎么样？

"Standard plagiarism software cannot detect this kind of cheating."

“普通的反剽窃软件无法检测到这种作弊作为。”

Stephan Lorenzen, a data analyst² at the University of Copenhagen. In Denmark, where he's based, ghostwriting is a growing problem at high schools. So Lorenzen and his colleagues created a program called Ghostwriter that can detect the cheats.

哥本哈根大学的数据分析师斯蒂芬·劳伦森说到。在他所在的丹麦，代笔是高中日趋严重的问题。因此，劳伦森和同事创造了一个名为“Ghostwriter”的程序，可以检测出这种作弊行为。

At its core is a neural³ network trained and tested on 130,000 real essays from 10,000 Danish students. After reading through tens of thousands of essays labeled as being written by the same author or not, the machine taught itself to tune⁴ into the characteristics that might tip off cheating. For example, did a student's essays share the same styles of punctuation⁵? The same spelling mistakes? Were the abbreviations the same?

这个程序的核心是一种神经网络，该网络用1万名丹麦学生的13万篇真实论文进行训练和测试。在阅读了被标记为同一作者或非同一作者的文章后，这台机器教会自已适应可能涉嫌作弊的特征。比如，一名学生所写论文的标点格式是否一致？是否有相同的拼写错误？缩写是否一致？

By scrutinizing⁶ inconsistencies like those, Ghostwriter was able to pinpoint⁷ a cheated essay nearly 90 percent of the time. The team presented the results at the European Symposium⁸ on Artificial Neural Networks, Computational Intelligence and Machine Learning.

通过仔细审查这些矛盾之处，Ghostwriter程序指出抄袭论文的准确率能达到90%。研究团队在欧洲人工神经网络、计算智能和机器学习研讨会上展示了他们的研究结果。

And there's one more aspect here that could help students. Your high school essays presumably get better over time as you learn to write—and the machine can detect that. "The final idea is to detect students who are a?t risk because their development in writing style isn't as you'd expect."

这个系统还有能帮助学生的一个方面。在你学习写作的过程中，你的高中论文可能会越写越好，而这个机器可以检测到这一点。“最终想法是检测出有写作风险的学生，因为他们在写作风格上的发展与你的期待不符。”

Teachers could thus give extra help to kids who really need it, while sniffing⁹ out the cheaters too.

因此，老师可以为真正需要帮助的孩子提供额外援助，同时还能发现作弊者。

Thanks for listening for Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.

谢谢大家收听科学美国人——60秒科学。我是克里斯托弗·因塔利亚塔。