科学美国人60秒 更明智的管理意味着更多的发明进入市场

“In the United States we spend about $160 billion a year on R&D. And so for the last seven years we’ve spent about a trillion dollars. With about 250,000 inventions that are sitting on the shelf that have more than 13 years of patent life, and only 0.5 to 0.7 percent of the inventions that are federally funded get out a year. So, what does that mean, get out? That they’re actually commercialized—they’re found and then they’re commercialized.”

在美国我们每年花费1600亿用于研发。所以在过去7年我们耗资约1万亿美元。约有25万的发明其专利寿命超过13年，其中每年仅有0.5%到0.7%的发明能得到联邦资助而“出现”。“ 出现”是什么意思呢?实际上就是指的产品商业化——这些产品被发现，之后被商业化。

Rosemarie Truman, founder¹ and CEO of the Center for Advancing Innovation, a Washington D.C.–based nonprofit. She spoke² at the first “Science Meets Congress” event on November 15th on Capitol Hill. Scientific American and Nature Research partnered with California Congressman³ Jerry McNerney—he has a doctorate⁴ in math, by the way—to host the session, which focused on “Energy Solutions for a Sustainable Future.”

罗斯玛丽·杜鲁门是高级创新中心的创始人和CEO, 该公司位于华盛顿，为非盈利公司。罗斯玛丽在11月15日美国国会举办的“科学会谈”上发表讲话。《科学美国人》与《自然研究》与加州国会议员杰里·麦克纳尼合作，他拥有数学博士学位，并主持会议，会议的重点是“可持续未来的能源解决方案”。

“So some of the challenges that we have are, first of all, finding these inventions. I just mentioned the ones that are patented, so you can find them through the USPTO. But there are about five times to 10 times the amount that are not patented that are not disclosed. So the energy efficiencies and tools of the future could be sitting there on the shelf, either patented or not…

因此，我们面临一些困难，首先就是找到这些发明。我刚刚提到了，发明可以申请专利，所以我们可以通过美国专利商标局来找到这些发明。但是有5-10倍的发明并没有申请专利，没有公开。所以，未来的能源效率和工具是尚不清楚，或许通过专利或者……

“What are I think our big opportunity is in the United States is to significantly change the way we harness our intellectual property. So when we give out this $160 billion a year to different organizations—universities, hospitals, research institutes across the U.S.—we govern it properly.

我认为我们重大的机遇是在美国极大的改变利用知识产权的方式。所以，当我们将这每年1600亿美元分发给不同的机构——美国的大学、医院、研究机构——我们需要妥善处理这笔钱。

So the inventions become disclosed and we have a clearinghouse for all the inventions. And we have a systematic⁵ approach to harmonizing the data around the inventions so that you can actually mine it, characterizing it, and then making it searchable so that you only have to go to one place.”

所以，就会发现这些发明，我们有所有的发明的票据交换场所。我们有一种系统的方法来协调发明的数据，这样你就能真正挖掘、描述，然后搜索这些发明，这样你就只需要去一个地方。”

1 Founder   

n.创始者，缔造者

参考例句：

• He was extolled as the founder of their Florentine school.他被称颂为佛罗伦萨画派的鼻祖。
• According to the old tradition,Romulus was the founder of Rome.按照古老的传说，罗穆卢斯是古罗马的建国者。

2 spoke   

n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说

参考例句：

• They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
• The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。

3 Congressman   

n.（美）国会议员

参考例句：

• He related several anecdotes about his first years as a congressman.他讲述自己初任议员那几年的几则轶事。
• The congressman is meditating a reply to his critics.这位国会议员正在考虑给他的批评者一个答复。

4 doctorate   

n.(大学授予的)博士学位

参考例句：

• He hasn't enough credits to get his doctorate.他的学分不够取得博士学位。
• Where did she do her doctorate?她在哪里攻读博士？

5 systematic   

adj.有系统的，有计划的，有方法的

参考例句：

• The way he works isn't very systematic.他的工作不是很有条理。
• The teacher made a systematic work of teaching.这个教师进行系统的教学工作。