时代周刊:疫情之下 当代建筑之父对公共建筑的思考（1）

The trail-blazing architect Rem Koolhaas mulls the empty spaces in a suddenly frozen world

世界突然冻结，公共空间空置，当代建筑之父雷姆·库哈斯有话说

By Belinda Luscombe

文/贝琳达·卢斯科姆

Rem Koolhaas, the Pritzker Prize–winning Dutch architect, author and academic, has long had a beef with airports.

身为（被誉为“建筑学界的诺贝尔奖”的）普利兹克奖荷兰籍获奖人、作家兼学者的雷姆·库哈斯对机场（的设计）历来就颇有不满。

It's not the same beef that everyone else has with airports—the Cinnabon smell, the brusqueness of security, the $7 snack.

其他人对机场也有不满，但他们不满的无非是机场浓浓的肉桂卷味，粗暴的安检和7美元的（昂贵）小吃。库哈斯不一样。

Koolhaas' beef with airports is that they've lost their sense of purpose.

库哈斯不满机场的是：它们已经没有了使命感。

"Airports used to be highly rationalized spaces that simply served to take you efficiently¹ from one place to the plane,"

“过去的机场是单纯为高效地将你从一个地方输送到飞机上的这么一个高度合理的空间，”

Koolhaas says on a landline from his office in Rotterdam.

库哈斯在他位于鹿特丹的办公室接受电话采访时说道。

The process, in his mind, used to be very logical.

在他看来，过去的登机路线十分合乎逻辑。

"Arrivals, luggage, customs, blah blah blah."

“到达机场，托运行李，走海关等等。”

But airports now are made up of what he has named junk space.

现在的机场却是由他所谓的“垃圾空间”组成的。

"You are basically almost forced to enter the bowels² of a mostly financial configuration³ in order to be exposed to the maximum amount of shopping," he says.

“大家基本上是被强行放到了一个配置以金融为主，为的就是最大限度地将你暴露在一个购物环境里这么一个空间内，”他说。

The serpentine⁴ layout that herds⁵ passengers through a mazelike mall creates almost a "permanent sense of crowding," he notes,

引导乘客穿过迷宫般的购物通道的蛇形布局会营造出一种“永远都很挤”的感觉，”他指出，

"with much less freedom to make our own choices and to maintain our own distances."

“而我们自己做选择或是保持距离的自由是非常有限的。”

Airports are just one among the many, many public spaces that may have to be rethought, reorganized and redesigned in the era of pandemics,

在这个各种疫情轮番上阵的时代，不少公共空间都暴露出了需要重新加以审视、安排或设计的必要性，机场只不过是其中之一，

and Koolhaas believes it is way overdue⁶.

库哈斯却认为早就应该如此了。

Also on his back-to-the-drawing-board list: cities, especially those that have no purpose but to attract people.

同样位于他那张应当重新设计的名单上的还有：城市，尤其是那些旅游导向型城市。

"The problem is that in the last 20 or 30 years,

“问题是，最近二三十年，

cities have become gathering⁷ spaces for relatively⁸ affluent⁹ people and for tourists," he says.

城市已经变成了相对富裕的人以及游客聚集的地方，”他说。

"There has been a kind of really drastic transformation¹⁰ of the point of cities, that we didn't really pay enough attention to."

“城市的意义已经发生了剧烈的转变，我们却没有对此给予足够的重视。”

The architect who rose to fame largely for a book, Delirious¹¹ New York, that celebrated¹² New York City for its density¹³ and crowdedness

这位建筑师的成名原本很大程度上是因为一本高度赞美纽约的密度和拥挤的书——《疯狂纽约》，

has now turned his attention to less inhabited spaces, especially the countryside.

如今，他却将注意力转向了人烟稀少的地方，特别是乡村。

To him, the gathering of more than 50% of the world's population into metropoles that occupy just 2% of the world's land mass

在他看来，一半以上的世界人口都在朝仅占世界陆地面积2%的大都市聚集，

was a problem long before anybody knew what the phrase social distancing meant.

而且，早在有人知道“居家隔离”一词的含义之前，这个问题就已经存在了。

It was one of the themes of his recent exhibition at the Guggenheim, "Countryside,"

最近，他在古根海姆博物馆举办了一个名为“乡村”的个人展，上述问题就是展览选用的主题之一。

which looked at the curious disregard and abandonment of the more rural parts of the planet.

总体而言，展览审视了一个颇为耐人寻味的现象：地球上较为偏远的农村地区往往难逃被忽视，被遗弃的命运。

Because of the pandemic, the museum closed in March less than a month after the show opened,

受疫情影响，博物馆已于3月闭馆，闭馆距离展览开幕才不到一个月，

at around the same time people in cities began to wish they lived somewhere emptier and to suddenly wonder where their food came from.

也就是那时，城市里的人们开始有了希望自己住在更空旷的地方的愿望，他们甚至开始琢磨起碗里的食物究竟从何而来这一问题。

1 efficiently   

adv.高效率地，有能力地

参考例句：

• The worker oils the machine to operate it more efficiently.工人给机器上油以使机器运转更有效。
• Local authorities have to learn to allocate resources efficiently.地方政府必须学会有效地分配资源。

2 bowels   

n.肠，内脏，内部；肠( bowel的名词复数 )；内部，最深处

参考例句：

• Salts is a medicine that causes movements of the bowels. 泻盐是一种促使肠子运动的药物。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The cabins are in the bowels of the ship. 舱房设在船腹内。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 configuration   

n.结构，布局，形态，(计算机)配置

参考例句：

• Geographers study the configuration of the mountains.地理学家研究山脉的地形轮廓。
• Prices range from $119 to $199,depending on the particular configuration.价格因具体配置而异，从119美元至199美元不等。

4 serpentine   

adj.蜿蜒的，弯曲的

参考例句：

• One part of the Serpentine is kept for swimmers.蜿蜒河的一段划为游泳区。
• Tremolite laths and serpentine minerals are present in places.有的地方出现透闪石板条及蛇纹石。

5 herds   

兽群( herd的名词复数 )； 牧群； 人群； 群众

参考例句：

• Regularly at daybreak they drive their herds to the pasture. 每天天一亮他们就把牲畜赶到草场上去。
• There we saw herds of cows grazing on the pasture. 我们在那里看到一群群的牛在草地上吃草。

6 overdue   

adj.过期的，到期未付的；早该有的，迟到的

参考例句：

• The plane is overdue and has been delayed by the bad weather.飞机晚点了，被坏天气耽搁了。
• The landlady is angry because the rent is overdue.女房东生气了，因为房租过期未付。

7 gathering   

n.集会，聚会，聚集

参考例句：

• He called on Mr. White to speak at the gathering.他请怀特先生在集会上讲话。
• He is on the wing gathering material for his novels.他正忙于为他的小说收集资料。

8 relatively   

adv.比较...地，相对地

参考例句：

• The rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in Australia.兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。
• The operation was relatively painless.手术相对来说不痛。

9 affluent   

adj.富裕的，富有的，丰富的，富饶的

参考例句：

• He hails from an affluent background.他出身于一个富有的家庭。
• His parents were very affluent.他的父母很富裕。

10 transformation   

n.变化；改造；转变

参考例句：

• Going to college brought about a dramatic transformation in her outlook.上大学使她的观念发生了巨大的变化。
• He was struggling to make the transformation from single man to responsible husband.他正在努力使自己由单身汉变为可靠的丈夫。

11 delirious   

adj.不省人事的，神智昏迷的

参考例句：

• He was delirious,murmuring about that matter.他精神恍惚，低声叨念着那件事。
• She knew that he had become delirious,and tried to pacify him.她知道他已经神志昏迷起来了，极力想使他镇静下来。

12 celebrated   

adj.有名的，声誉卓著的

参考例句：

• He was soon one of the most celebrated young painters in England.不久他就成了英格兰最负盛名的年轻画家之一。
• The celebrated violinist was mobbed by the audience.观众团团围住了这位著名的小提琴演奏家。

13 density   

n.密集，密度，浓度

参考例句：

• The population density of that country is 685 per square mile.那个国家的人口密度为每平方英里685人。
• The region has a very high population density.该地区的人口密度很高。