走遍全世界26: Girls' Waistlines Is Rising 女生的腰围在不断增加

摘要：据世界癌症研究基金会（WCRF）的一项新研究发现，近一半女性因为其超大腰围而导致癌症危险大增。研究人员表示，腰围过大还会增加罹患糖尿病和心脏病的危险。

英语听力原文：

Girls' waistlines have expanded by almost four inches in 30 years, figures show.
数据显示，女孩子的腰围在30年内已经上升了约4英寸。

Rising levels of obesity¹ means that the average 11-year-old's waist is more than 27.6in, compared to 23.2in during the late 1970s.
不断上升的肥胖水平意味着，20世纪70年代后期时的11岁女孩的平均腰围是23.2英寸，而现如今这一数字将超过27.6英寸。

She now has the same size waist as a boy of the same age.
现在女孩的腰围跟同龄男孩的一样大。

Although boy's waistlines have also expanded, they have not grown to the same extent, rising to 27.6in compared to 24.2in during 1978.
尽管男孩的腰围同样在加粗，但是程度不同，他们从1978年的24.2英寸上升到27.6英寸。

The figures are further evidence that young women are more likely to become dangerously overweight than men.
该数据进一步证明年轻女性比男人更有肥胖的危险。

The latest measurements were taken from 2,500 children aged² 4-17 using a 3D scanner - and compared to readings taken from more than 8,000 children measured in 1978.
最新测量结果由对2500个4至17岁的儿童使用3D扫描仪测量获得——并与1978年超过8000名儿童测量的数据相比。

Compiled by market research firm Select Research, the readings are being used by stores including Asda to adjust clothes sizing for children.
由市场调查公司Select Research 编制，该数据被包括Asda在内的商店用来调整儿童服装尺寸。

Youngsters are getting taller too. An average 11-year-old girl is almost 4ft 11in, compared with just over 4ft 9in in 1978. The average boy of 11 is around 4ft 10in, up from 4ft 9in.
年轻人长得越来越高。197年11岁女孩平均身高只超过4英尺9英寸，与之相比，现在已接近4英尺11英寸。11岁男孩的平均身高从4英尺9英寸上升到4英尺10英寸。

Richard Barnes, MD of Select Research, said it was too early to draw conclusions on childhood obesity trends from the data.
Select Research 总经理理查德·巴恩斯说现在通过数据就定下儿童肥胖的趋势还太早。

He said:" The increases in waist circumference³ since 1978 show that children have got bigger. However, invreases in height and chest size show that children in the UK have grown over the years in many ways."
他说：“从1978年来儿童腰围增加说明他们长得更大。然而，身高和胸围的增加表明英国的儿童多年以来在很多方面成长了。”

"Using BMI to measure obesity in children should not be relied upon as an accurate indicator⁴ of risk to health as both components⁵, height and weight, are variables."
“使用BMI(身体质量指数）测量儿童的肥胖不应成为测量健康风险的准确指标，由于这两个组成部分（身高和体重）都是变量。”

"Measuring body shape in 3D and where a child's weight is distributed may provide us with new insights on the actual risk to health and change perceptions of what health interventions⁶ are required."
“用3D测量体型和孩子的体重分配给我们提出关于健康真正风险的新见解，并改变我们的卫生保健干预措施的观念。”

"Shape GB is a survey for retailers⁷, but we will be using the data in due course to develop BVI thresholds for childhood obestiy."
“全国童装调查是对零售商进行的一项调查，但是我们将及时利用这些数据制定儿童肥胖的体量指数界限。”

英语词汇整理：

1. waistline n.腰围；摇身部分

eg: A passion for cooking does not necessarily have to be bad for your waistline.
热衷于做菜并不一定会使腰围变粗。

同近义词：
waist circumference/ waist girth n.[服装]腰围；腰身部分

短语：
slender waistline 纤腰
small waistline 小蛮腰
waistline figure 腰身

2. expand vt. 扩张；使膨胀

eg: They hope to expand their company.
他们希望扩大公司的规模。

短语：
expand into (使)扩展,将……扩充成
expand on 进一步阐述,详谈,补充
expand domestic demand 扩大内需
expand out 扩展
expand by 因…而扩大
expand from...to... 从……增加到
expand in 在……中发展
expand upon 根据……阐述
expand to 扩展到……

3. obesity n. 肥大，肥胖

eg: Obesity is a major risk factor for sleep apnea.
肥胖是呼吸暂停的主要危险因素。

短语：
morbid⁸ obesity 病态肥胖
obesity index 肥胖指数
obesity cure 肥胖症治疗

4. measurement n. 测量；尺寸；度量

eg: Tests include measurement of height, weight, and blood pressure.
检查包括对身高、体重和血压的测量。

短语：
by means of measurement 用测量的方法
measurement data 测量数据
measurement error 测量误差

5. scanner n. 扫描仪；扫描器

eg: This picture has been digitized by a scanner. 
这幅图已由扫描仪进行了数字化。

短语：
barcode scanner 条形码扫描器
image scanner 图像扫描器
laser scanner 激光扫描仪

6. compile vt. 编译；编辑

eg: How do we compile a balance of payments statements?
我们如何编制收支平衡表?

短语：
compile time 编译期
compile principle 编译原理
compile list 编译表

7. circumference n. 圆周；周长；胸围

eg: The earth's circumference is about 25,000 miles. 
地球的圆周约为25,000英里。

短语：
circumference grade 圆
inner circumference 内圆周
rolling circumference 滚动周长

8. indicator n. 指示器；压力计

eg: The smart new vehicle had an electronic indicator board.
智能化的新车带有电子指示器板。

短语：
evaluating indicator 评价指标
indicator light 指示灯
economic indicator 经济指标
leading indicator 领先指标
position indicator 位置指示器

9. perception n. 感觉；知觉；洞察力

eg: His analysis of the problem showed great perception.
他对该问题的分析显示出敏锐的洞察力。

短语：
visual perception 视觉感知；视知觉
sense perception  感觉
pain perception 痛知觉

10. threshold n. 极限；门槛

eg: Moss⁹ has a high threshold for pain and a history of fast healing.
莫斯的忍痛力很强，而且有迅速愈合的经历。

短语：
at the threshold of 在……的开始(或初期)
stumble at the threshold (事情)刚一着手就搞糟了

佳句采摘：
The figures are further evidence that young women are more likely to become dangerously overweight than men.
该数据进一步证明年轻女性比男人更有肥胖的危险。

1 obesity   

n.肥胖，肥大

参考例句：

• One effect of overeating may be obesity.吃得过多能导致肥胖。
• Sugar and fat can more easily lead to obesity than some other foods.糖和脂肪比其他食物更容易导致肥胖。

2 aged   

adj.年老的，陈年的

参考例句：

• He had put on weight and aged a little.他胖了，也老点了。
• He is aged,but his memory is still good.他已年老，然而记忆力还好。

3 circumference   

n.圆周，周长，圆周线

参考例句：

• It's a mile round the circumference of the field.运动场周长一英里。
• The diameter and the circumference of a circle correlate.圆的直径与圆周有相互关系。

4 indicator   

n.指标；指示物，指示者；指示器

参考例句：

• Gold prices are often seen as an indicator of inflation.黃金价格常常被看作是通货膨胀的指标。
• His left-hand indicator is flashing.他左手边的转向灯正在闪亮。

5 components   

（机器、设备等的）构成要素，零件，成分； 成分( component的名词复数 )； [物理化学]组分； [数学]分量； （混合物的）组成部分

参考例句：

• the components of a machine 机器部件
• Our chemistry teacher often reduces a compound to its components in lab. 在实验室中化学老师常把化合物分解为各种成分。

6 interventions   

n.介入，干涉，干预( intervention的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Economic analysis of government interventions deserves detailed discussion. 政府对经济的干预应该给予充分的论述。 来自辞典例句
• The judge's frequent interventions made a mockery of justice. 法官的屡屡干预是对正义的践踏。 来自互联网

7 retailers   

零售商，零售店( retailer的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• High street retailers reported a marked increase in sales before Christmas. 商业街的零售商报告说圣诞节前销售量显著提高。
• Retailers have a statutory duty to provide goods suitable for their purpose. 零售商有为他们提供符合要求的货品的法定义务。

8 morbid   

adj.病的；致病的；病态的；可怕的

参考例句：

• Some people have a morbid fascination with crime.一些人对犯罪有一种病态的痴迷。
• It's morbid to dwell on cemeteries and such like.不厌其烦地谈论墓地以及诸如此类的事是一种病态。

9 moss   

n.苔，藓，地衣

参考例句：

• Moss grows on a rock.苔藓生在石头上。
• He was found asleep on a pillow of leaves and moss.有人看见他枕着树叶和苔藓睡着了。