走遍全世界36: 多元文化与犯罪

Crime is increasing world wide. There is every reason to believe the trend will continue through the next few decades.

世界范围的犯罪正在增加。有许多理由让我们相信这种趋势在未来的几十年将会继续。

Crime rates have always been high in multicultural¹, industrialized societies such as the United States, but a new phenomenon has appeared on the world scene-rapidly  rising crime rates in nations that previously² reported few offences. Street crimes such as robbery, rape³, murder and auto⁴ theft are clearly rising, particularly in eastern European countries such as Hungary and in western European nations such as the united Kingdom.

犯罪率在多元文化的工业化社会中总是很高，譬如在美国，在世界范围出现了一种新现象，就是在以前很少报道有犯罪的国家中，犯罪率在快速增加。类似抢劫、强奸、谋杀和汽车偷盗的街头犯罪数量有显著的增加，尤其是在匈牙利这样的东欧国家和像英国这样的西欧国家。

What is driving this crime explosion? There are no simple answers. Still, there are certain conditions associated with rising crime increasing heterogeneity⁵ of populations, greater cultural pluralism, higher immigration, demoratization of governments, changing national borders, greater economic growth and the lack of accepted social ideas of right and wrong.

什么造成了犯罪的爆发呢？这很难简单回答。然而，有些因素和犯罪的增长是相关的，比如，人口更趋混杂，文化更具多元性，更多的移民，政府更加民主化，国界的变更，更多的经济增长，缺乏可认同的关于是非对错的社会价值。

These conditions are increasingly observable around the world. For instance, cultures that were previously isolated⁶ and homogeneous, such as Japan, Denmark and Greece, are now facing the sort of cultural variety that has been common in America for most of its history.

全世界都可以看到这些因素。例如，原先被孤立的同类文化像日本、丹麦和希腊都正在面临着文化的某种改变，而这样的变化在美国的大部分历史中是司空见惯的。

Multiculturalism⁷ can be a rewarding, enriching experience, but it can also lead to a clash of values. Heterogeneity in societies will be the rule in the twenty-first century, and failure to recognize and plan for such diversity can lead to serious crime problems.

多元文化可能是一种有益的、内容丰富的体验，但是它也会导致价值观的碰撞。社会的多样性将是21世纪的规则，未能意识到这点，没有准备好适应这种多样化将会导致严重的犯罪问题。

英语词汇整理：

1. multicultural adj.（融合或具有）多种文化的

eg: Singapore is a multicultural country.
新加坡是一个融合多元文化的国家

短语：
multicultural education 多元文化教育
multicultural society 多元文化社会

2. rape n. 抢夺，掠夺，强奸 vt. 掠夺，抢夺，强奸

eg: He was charged with rape.
他被控犯了强奸罪。

短语：
rape victim 强奸案的受害者
rape oil 菜油
a field of rape 油菜田

3. murder n. 谋杀，危险物 v. 谋杀，折磨

eg: The law arrived on the scene of murder.
警察来到谋杀现场。

短语：
get away with murder 干坏事而不受惩罚；逍遥法外，为所欲为
murder on 对……糟透了
for the murder of 由于谋杀……
a charge of murder 指控犯有谋杀罪
cry blue murder [口语]大声惊呼，大惊小怪地叫喊，大喊救命(仿佛有人被谋杀似地)
like blue murder [口语]飞快地，以最高速度

谚语：
Murder will out. 纸包不住火；欲要人不知，除非己莫为。
The murder is out. 真相大白了；秘密揭穿了；事情败露了。

4. theft n. 偷窃

eg: Over the last decade, auto theft has increased by over 56 percent.
过去的10年来汽车盗窃案上升了56％以上。

短语：
identity theft 身份盗窃，身份盗用
guard against theft 防盗
grand theft重偷窃罪
auto theft 汽车偷窃

5. explosion n. 爆炸，爆发，激增

eg: The study also forecast an explosion in the diet soft-drink market.
这项研究还预测了低糖软饮料市场的暴增。

短语：
nuclear explosion 核爆炸
explosion proof 防爆
population explosion 人口激增

6. heterogeneity n. 多样性

eg: Heterogeneity in societies will be the rule in the twenty-first century, and failure to recognize and plan for such diversity can lead to serious crime problems.
社会的多样性将是21世纪的规则，未能意识到这点，没有准备好适应这种多样化将会导致严重的犯罪问题。

短语：
soil heterogeneity 土壤差异性
microscopic⁸ heterogeneity 微观非均质性

7. pluralism n. 多元论，兼职（尤其神职）

eg: But democratic pluralism does not guarantee foresight⁹, either.
但是，民主的多元化社会也不一定就有远见。

短语：
cultural pluralism 文化多元主义；文化多元性
group pluralism 利益集团多元主义
pluralism Products 多元化产品

8. immigration n. 移居，移民

eg: The government has decided¹⁰ to tighten¹¹ its immigration policy.
政府已决定收紧其移民政策。

短语：
immigration status 入境身份；在留资格
immigration act 移民法
illegal immigration 非法移民；非法入境
immigration office 移民局
immigration policy 移民政策

9. democratization n. 民主化

eg: Of course,democratization,like modernization,must advance step by step.
当然，民主化和现代化一样，也要一步一步地前进。

短语：
democratization reforming 民主化改革
international democratization 国际民主化
political democratization 政治民主化

10. border n. 边缘 vt. 作...之疆界，加边

eg: They fled across the border.
他们越过边界逃走了。

短语：
on the border of 临近；将要
border on 接界；相邻于
border upon 相邻
border effect 边界效应
over the border 出界；越过国境

11. homogeneous adj. 同种的，相似的，同质的

eg: They are homogeneous people.
他们是同类人。

短语：
homogeneous medium 均匀介质
homogeneous distribution 均匀分布

12. rewarding adj. 有报酬的，有益的

eg: Gardening is a very rewarding pastime.
园艺劳动是非常有益的消遣。

短语：
in reward for 作为……的报酬
in reward of 为酬答……
reward for 作为……的回报
as a reward for 作为……的报酬
reward with 奖赏
offer a reward 悬赏

13. enriching adj. 丰富的，富裕的

eg: Dubai is one of the most enriching countries around the world.
迪拜是世界上最富裕的国家之一。

同近义词：
1) compression/ concentration n. 浓缩
2) decorating v.使…富足；增进…的价值；装饰

佳句采摘：
Heterogeneity in societies will be the rule in the twenty-first century, and failure to recognize and plan for such diversity can lead to serious crime problems.
社会的多样性将是21世纪的规则，未能意识到这点，没有准备好适应这种多样化将会导致严重的犯罪问题。

1 multicultural   

adj.融合多种文化的，多种文化的

参考例句：

• Children growing up in a multicultural society.在多元文化社会中长大的孩子们。
• The school has been attempting to bring a multicultural perspective to its curriculum.这所学校已经在尝试将一种多元文化视角引入其课程。

2 previously   

adv.以前，先前（地）

参考例句：

• The bicycle tyre blew out at a previously damaged point.自行车胎在以前损坏过的地方又爆开了。
• Let me digress for a moment and explain what had happened previously.让我岔开一会儿，解释原先发生了什么。

3 rape   

n.抢夺，掠夺，强奸；vt.掠夺，抢夺，强奸

参考例句：

• The rape of the countryside had a profound ravage on them.对乡村的掠夺给他们造成严重创伤。
• He was brought to court and charged with rape.他被带到法庭并被指控犯有强奸罪。

4 auto   

n.(=automobile)(口语)汽车

参考例句：

• Don't park your auto here.别把你的汽车停在这儿。
• The auto industry has brought many people to Detroit.汽车工业把许多人吸引到了底特律。

5 heterogeneity   

n.异质性；多相性

参考例句：

• The heterogeneity and uneven development of China's economy are rather advantageous in the war of resistance.中国经济的不统一、不平衡，对于抗日战争反为有利。
• In heterogeneity is creation of the world.世界产生自异质性。

6 isolated   

adj.与世隔绝的

参考例句：

• His bad behaviour was just an isolated incident. 他的不良行为只是个别事件。
• Patients with the disease should be isolated. 这种病的患者应予以隔离。

7 multiculturalism   

n.多元文化

参考例句：

• Switzerland is well known for cheese fondue, penguin parades and its multiculturalism. 瑞士一向以芝士火锅，企鹅游行和多元文化等特色闻名于世。
• That may be one reason why multiculturalism came easily to it. 这也是多元文化容易适应发展的原因之一。

8 microscopic   

adj.微小的，细微的，极小的，显微的

参考例句：

• It's impossible to read his microscopic handwriting.不可能看清他那极小的书写字迹。
• A plant's lungs are the microscopic pores in its leaves.植物的肺就是其叶片上微细的气孔。

9 foresight   

n.先见之明，深谋远虑

参考例句：

• The failure is the result of our lack of foresight.这次失败是由于我们缺乏远虑而造成的。
• It required a statesman's foresight and sagacity to make the decision.作出这个决定需要政治家的远见卓识。

10 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

11 tighten   

v.(使)变紧；(使)绷紧

参考例句：

• Turn the screw to the right to tighten it.向右转动螺钉把它拧紧。
• Some countries tighten monetary policy to avoid inflation.一些国家实行紧缩银根的货币政策，以避免通货膨胀。