Step by Step 3000 第1册 Unit9:For Peace and Development(1)

 　　Unit 9. For Peace and Development.

　　Part 1. Warming up.

　　A. Keywords. union, organization, headquarters, fund, secretariat.

　　Vocabulary. integration¹, mission, coherent, solidarity², autonomous³, affiliate⁴, secretariat, successor, tariff⁵, Geneva.

　　You are going to hear six abbreviations and some information about them.

　　Listen carefully and write down in full the corresponding names of these organizations.

　　1. EU.

　　The European Union, is the result of a process of cooperation and integration which begin in 1951 between 6 countries.

　　Today it has 15 member states, and its mission is to organize relations between the member states and between their peoples in a coherent manner and on the basis of solidarity.

　　2. FAO.

　　Food and Agricultural Organization, was established in 1945 as an autonomous organization related to the United Nations.

　　Its headquarters is in Rome.

　　3. IMF.

　　International Monetary⁶ Fund, is an autonomous body affiliated⁷ with the United Nations.

　　Its headquarters is in Washington D.C.

　　4. OECD.

　　The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, also known as a rich man's club, was formed in 1961, with its secretariat in Paris.

　　It groups 29 member countries in an organization to discuss and develop economic and social policy.

　　5. WHO.

　　The World Health Organization, is a specialized⁸ agency of the United Nations.

　　WHO was formed in 1948, with its headquarters in Geneva.

　　6. WTO.

　　The World Trade Organization, was formed on January 1st, 1995, as a successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs⁹ and Trade.

　　It is the only global international organization during with the rules of trade between nations with its secretariat in Geneva.

　　B. Keywords. economic cooperation, secretariat, association, member, organization, administration, headquarters.

　　Vocabulary. vehicle, encompass¹⁰, treaty, aeronautics¹¹, petroleum¹², integral,

　　Malaysia, Thailand, Cambodia, Brunei Darussalam, Laos, Myanmar,

　　Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Algeria, Ecuador, Kuwait, Libya, Saudi Arabia.

　　An acronym¹³ is a word formed from the first or first few letters of several words.

　　It is pronounced as a single word.

　　Now listen to 7 acronyms¹⁴ and some information about them, write down the full names of these organizations.

　　1. APEC.

　　The Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation, is established in 1989, has since became the primary regional vehicle for promoting open trade and practical economic cooperation among Asia Pacific Economies.

　　Its secretariat is located in Singapore.

　　2. ASEAN.

　　The Association of Southeast Asian Nations, was formed in 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand to promote political and economic cooperation among the member countries.

　　Now it encompasses¹⁵ all ten countries of southeast Asia by admitting Cambodia, Brunei Darussalam, Vietnam, Laos and Myanmar.

　　3. NATO.

　　The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, was created by a treaty signed in 1949 among Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, the United Kingdom and the United States.

　　Greece, Turkey and Germany later joined the organization.

　　4. NASA.

　　The National Aeronautics and Space Administration, is a government agency in the U.S.

　　5.OPEC.

　　The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, was created in 1960, among its members are Algeria, Ecuador, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria and Saudi Arabia.

　　6. UNESCO.

　　The United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization, is an agent of the UN with headquarters in Paries.

　　7. UNICEF.

　　The United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund, an integral part of the United Nation system, was created at the end of World War Ⅱ, to relieve the suffering of children in war-torn Europe.

　　For more than 53 years, UNICEF has been helping¹⁶ governments, communities and families make the world a better place for children.

　　It headquarters is in New York.

　　C. Keywords. shhhummit, visit, elect, met, diplomatic relations, Nobel Peace Prize, demonstrations¹⁷, hostage, reunite.

　　Vocabulary. summit, diplomatic relations, demonstrations, hostage, Cairo, Illinois, Israeli, Palestinian.

　　Now listen to some news leads, focus your attention on "who" and "what" in each lead, and write down what you hear in the given spaces.

　　Arab leaders have ended an emergency summit in Cairo.

　　Chinese Prime Minister Zhu Rongji has arrived in the middle western city of Chicago, Illinois.

　　It is the fourth stop on his nine-day visit to the United States.

　　Finland, citizens have elected their country's first woman president of the Social Democratic Party.

　　Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak and Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat have met for the first time in two months.

　　At the United Nations, Portugal and Indonesia have reestablished diplomatic relations.

　　South Korean President Kim Dae Jung has been named the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize.

　　Tens of thousands of people in France have held demonstrations against growing unemployment.

　　Two French newsmen held hostage for two and one half months are flying home to France.

　　It's two hundred more families separated by the Korean War have been reunited.

1 integration   

n.一体化，联合，结合

参考例句：

• We are working to bring about closer political integration in the EU.我们正在努力实现欧盟內部更加紧密的政治一体化。
• This was the greatest event in the annals of European integration.这是欧洲统一史上最重大的事件。

2 solidarity   

n.团结；休戚相关

参考例句：

• They must preserve their solidarity.他们必须维护他们的团结。
• The solidarity among China's various nationalities is as firm as a rock.中国各族人民之间的团结坚如磐石。

3 autonomous   

adj.自治的；独立的

参考例句：

• They proudly declared themselves part of a new autonomous province.他们自豪地宣布成为新自治省的一部分。
• This is a matter that comes within the jurisdiction of the autonomous region.这件事是属于自治区权限以内的事务。

4 affiliate   

vt.使隶(附)属于；n.附属机构，分公司

参考例句：

• Our New York company has an affiliate in Los Angeles.我们的纽约公司在洛杉矶有一个下属企业。
• What is the difference between affiliate and regular membership?固定会员和附属会员之间的区别是什么？

5 tariff   

n.关税，税率；(旅馆、饭店等)价目表，收费表

参考例句：

• There is a very high tariff on jewelry.宝石类的关税率很高。
• The government is going to lower the tariff on importing cars.政府打算降低进口汽车的关税。

6 monetary   

adj.货币的，钱的；通货的；金融的；财政的

参考例句：

• The monetary system of some countries used to be based on gold.过去有些国家的货币制度是金本位制的。
• Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means.荒凉地区的教育不是钱财问题。

7 affiliated   

adj. 附属的, 有关连的

参考例句：

• The hospital is affiliated with the local university. 这家医院附属于当地大学。
• All affiliated members can vote. 所有隶属成员都有投票权。

8 specialized   

adj.专门的，专业化的

参考例句：

• There are many specialized agencies in the United Nations.联合国有许多专门机构。
• These tools are very specialized.这些是专用工具。

9 tariffs   

关税制度； 关税( tariff的名词复数 )； 关税表； （旅馆或饭店等的）收费表； 量刑标准

参考例句：

• British industry was sheltered from foreign competition by protective tariffs. 保护性关税使英国工业免受国际竞争影响。
• The new tariffs have put a stranglehold on trade. 新的关税制对开展贸易极为不利。

10 encompass   

vt.围绕，包围；包含，包括；完成

参考例句：

• The course will encompass physics,chemistry and biology.课程将包括物理、化学和生物学。
• The project will encompass rural and underdeveloped areas in China.这项工程将覆盖中国的农村和不发达地区。

11 aeronautics   

n.航空术，航空学

参考例句：

• National Aeronautics and Space undertakings have made great progress.国家的航空航天事业有了很大的发展。
• He devoted every spare moment to aeronautics.他把他所有多余的时间用在航空学上。

12 petroleum   

n.原油，石油

参考例句：

• The Government of Iran advanced the price of petroleum last week.上星期伊朗政府提高了石油价格。
• The purpose of oil refinery is to refine crude petroleum.炼油厂的主要工作是提炼原油。

13 acronym   

n.首字母简略词，简称

参考例句：

• That's a mouthful of an acronym for a very simple technology.对于一项非常简单的技术来说，这是一个很绕口的缩写词。
• TSDF is an acronym for Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facilities.TSDF是处理，储存和处置设施的一个缩写。

14 acronyms   

n.首字母缩略词( acronym的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Scratch the subject of defence and acronyms, abbreviations, and buzzwords fly out. 话题触及国防，缩合字，缩写字和行话就满天飞。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Some acronyms as scientific terminology are used as a lexical item. 一些科学术语缩写用作词汇项目。 来自互联网

15 encompasses   

v.围绕( encompass的第三人称单数 )；包围；包含；包括

参考例句：

• The job encompasses a wide range of responsibilities. 这项工作涉及的职责范围很广。
• Its conservation law encompasses both its magnitude and its direction. 它的守恒定律包括大小和方向两方面。 来自辞典例句

16 helping   

n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的，辅助的

参考例句：

• The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
• By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。

17 demonstrations   

证明( demonstration的名词复数 )； 表明； 表达； 游行示威

参考例句：

• Lectures will be interspersed with practical demonstrations. 讲课中将不时插入实际示范。
• The new military government has banned strikes and demonstrations. 新的军人政府禁止罢工和示威活动。