万物简史 第41期:埃文斯牧师的宇宙(5)

 　　But Zwicky was also capable of insights of the most startling brilliance¹. In the early 1930s, he turned his attention to a question that had long troubled astronomers²: the appearance in the sky of occasional unexplained points of light, new stars.

　　然而，兹威基聪明过人，具有敏锐的洞察力。20世纪30年代初，他把注意力转向一个长期困扰天文学家的问题：天空中偶尔出现而又无法解释的光点--新的恒星。

　　Improbably he wondered if the neutron³—the subatomic particle that had just been discovered in England by James Chadwick, and was thus both novel and rather fashionable—might be at the heart of things. It occurred to him that if a star collapsed⁵ to the sort of densities⁶ found in the core of atoms, the result would be an unimaginably compacted core.

　　令人难以置信的是，他怀疑问题的核心是否在于中子--英国的詹姆斯?查德威克刚刚发现的，因而是新奇而时髦的亚原子粒子。他突然想到，要是恒星坍缩到原子的核心那种密度，便会变成一个极其坚实的核。

　　Atoms would literally⁷ be crushed together, their electrons forced into the nucleus⁸, forming neutrons⁹. You would have a neutron star. Imagine a million really weighty cannonballs squeezed down to the size of a marble and—well, you're still not even close.

　　原子实际上已经被压成一团，它们的电子不得不变成核子，形成了中子。这样就形成了一颗中子星。想像一下，把100万枚很重的炮弹挤压成一粒弹子的大小--哎呀，这还差得远呢。

　　The core of a neutron star is so dense¹⁰ that a single spoonful of matter from it would weigh 200 billion pounds. A spoonful! But there was more. Zwicky realized that after the collapse⁴ of such a star there would be a huge amount of energy left over—enough to make the biggest bang in the universe. He called these resultant explosions supernovae. They would be—they are—the biggest events in creation.

　　一颗中子星核的密度如此之大，里面的一调羹物质会重达900亿千克。只是一调羹啊！然而，不仅如此。兹威基意识到，这样的一颗恒星坍缩以后会释放出大量的能量--足以产生宇宙里最大的爆炸。他把这种由此产生的爆炸叫做超新星。它们会是--实际上也是--创建宇宙过程中最大的事件。

 

1 brilliance   

n.光辉，辉煌，壮丽，（卓越的）才华，才智

参考例句：

• I was totally amazed by the brilliance of her paintings.她的绘画才能令我惊歎不已。
• The gorgeous costume added to the brilliance of the dance.华丽的服装使舞蹈更加光彩夺目。

2 astronomers   

n.天文学者，天文学家( astronomer的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Astronomers can accurately foretell the date,time,and length of future eclipses. 天文学家能精确地预告未来日食月食的日期、时刻和时长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Astronomers used to ask why only Saturn has rings. 天文学家们过去一直感到奇怪，为什么只有土星有光环。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 neutron   

n.中子

参考例句：

• Neutron is neutral and slightly heavier than the proton.中子是中性的，比质子略重。
• Based on the neutron energy,the value of weighting factor was given.根据中子能量给出了相应的辐射权重因子的数值。

4 collapse   

vi.累倒；昏倒；倒塌；塌陷

参考例句：

• The country's economy is on the verge of collapse.国家的经济已到了崩溃的边缘。
• The engineer made a complete diagnosis of the bridge's collapse.工程师对桥的倒塌做了一次彻底的调查分析。

5 collapsed   

adj.倒塌的

参考例句：

• Jack collapsed in agony on the floor. 杰克十分痛苦地瘫倒在地板上。
• The roof collapsed under the weight of snow. 房顶在雪的重压下突然坍塌下来。

6 densities   

密集( density的名词复数 )； 稠密； 密度（固体、液体或气体单位体积的质量）； 密度（磁盘存贮数据的可用空间）

参考例句：

• The range of densities of interest is about 3.5. 有用的密度范围为3．5左右。
• Densities presumably can be probed by radar. 利用雷达也许还能探测出气体的密度。

7 literally   

adv.照字面意义，逐字地；确实

参考例句：

• He translated the passage literally.他逐字逐句地翻译这段文字。
• Sometimes she would not sit down till she was literally faint.有时候，她不走到真正要昏厥了，决不肯坐下来。

8 nucleus   

n.核，核心，原子核

参考例句：

• These young people formed the nucleus of the club.这些年轻人成了俱乐部的核心。
• These councils would form the nucleus of a future regime.这些委员会将成为一个未来政权的核心。

9 neutrons   

n.中子( neutron的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The neutrons and protons form the core of the atom. 中子和质子构成了原子核。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• When an atom of U235 is split,several neutrons are set free. 一个铀235原子分裂时，释放出几个中子。 来自《简明英汉词典》

10 dense   

a.密集的，稠密的，浓密的；密度大的

参考例句：

• The general ambushed his troops in the dense woods. 将军把部队埋伏在浓密的树林里。
• The path was completely covered by the dense foliage. 小路被树叶厚厚地盖了一层。