万物简史 第52期:埃文斯牧师的宇宙(16)

 About 4.6 billion years ago, a great swirl¹ of gas and dust some 15 billion miles across accumulated in space where we are now and began to aggregate². Virtually all of it—99.9 percent of the mass of the solar system—went to make the Sun. Out of the floating material that was left over, two microscopic³ grains floated close enough together to be joined by electrostatic forces.

大约46亿年之前，一股直径约为240亿公里、由气体和尘埃组成的巨大涡流，积储在我们现在所在的空间，并开始聚积。实际上，太阳系里的全部物质--99.9％的物质--都被用来形成了太阳。在剩下的飘浮物质当中，两颗微粒飘到很近的地方，被静电吸到一起。

This was the moment of conception for our planet. All over the inchoate⁴ solar system, the same was happening. Colliding dust grains formed larger and larger clumps⁵. Eventually the clumps grew large enough to be called planetesimals. As these endlessly bumped and collided, they fractured or split or recombined in endless random⁶ permutations, but in every encounter there was a winner, and some of the winners grew big enough to dominate the orbit around which they traveled.

这是我们的行星孕育的时刻。在整个初生的太阳系里，同样的情况正在发生。尘粒互相碰撞，构成越来越大的团块。最后，这些团块大到了一定程度，可以被称做微行星。随着这些微行星无休止地碰撞，它们或破裂，或分解，或在无休止而又随意的置换中重新合并，但每次碰撞都有一个赢家，有的赢家越来越大，最后主宰了它们运行的轨道。

It all happened remarkably⁷ quickly. To grow from a tiny cluster of grains to a baby planet some hundreds of miles across is thought to have taken only a few tens of thousands of years. In just 200 million years, possibly less, the Earth was essentially⁸ formed, though still molten and subject to constant bombardment from all the debris⁹ that remained floating about.

这一切都发生得相当快。据认为，从小小的一簇尘粒变成一颗直径为几百公里的幼星，只要花几万年的时间。在不过2亿年的时间里，很可能还不到，地球就基本形成了，虽然仍是灼热的，还经常受到仍在到处飘浮的碎片的撞击。

 

1 swirl   

v.(使)打漩，(使)涡卷；n.漩涡，螺旋形

参考例句：

• The car raced roughly along in a swirl of pink dust.汽车在一股粉红色尘土的漩涡中颠簸着快速前进。
• You could lie up there,watching the flakes swirl past.你可以躺在那儿，看着雪花飘飘。

2 aggregate   

adj.总计的，集合的；n.总数；v.合计；集合

参考例句：

• The football team had a low goal aggregate last season.这支足球队上个赛季的进球总数很少。
• The money collected will aggregate a thousand dollars.进帐总额将达一千美元。

3 microscopic   

adj.微小的，细微的，极小的，显微的

参考例句：

• It's impossible to read his microscopic handwriting.不可能看清他那极小的书写字迹。
• A plant's lungs are the microscopic pores in its leaves.植物的肺就是其叶片上微细的气孔。

4 inchoate   

adj.才开始的，初期的

参考例句：

• His dreams were senseless and inchoate.他的梦想根本行不通，很不成熟。
• Her early works are inchoate idea,nothing but full of lush rhetoric.她的早期作品都不太成熟，除了华丽的词藻外就没什麽内容了。

5 clumps   

n.（树、灌木、植物等的）丛、簇( clump的名词复数 )；（土、泥等）团；块；笨重的脚步声v.（树、灌木、植物等的）丛、簇( clump的第三人称单数 )；（土、泥等）团；块；笨重的脚步声

参考例句：

• These plants quickly form dense clumps. 这些植物很快形成了浓密的树丛。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The bulbs were over. All that remained of them were clumps of brown leaves. 这些鳞茎死了，剩下的只是一丛丛的黃叶子。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 random   

adj.随机的；任意的；n.偶然的(或随便的)行动

参考例句：

• The list is arranged in a random order.名单排列不分先后。
• On random inspection the meat was found to be bad.经抽查，发现肉变质了。

7 remarkably   

ad.不同寻常地，相当地

参考例句：

• I thought she was remarkably restrained in the circumstances. 我认为她在那种情况下非常克制。
• He made a remarkably swift recovery. 他康复得相当快。

8 essentially   

adv.本质上，实质上，基本上

参考例句：

• Really great men are essentially modest.真正的伟人大都很谦虚。
• She is an essentially selfish person.她本质上是个自私自利的人。

9 debris   

n.瓦砾堆，废墟，碎片

参考例句：

• After the bombing there was a lot of debris everywhere.轰炸之后到处瓦砾成堆。
• Bacteria sticks to food debris in the teeth,causing decay.细菌附着在牙缝中的食物残渣上，导致蛀牙。