万物简史 第56期:事物的测定(3)

 For all his achievements, however, Halley's greatest contribution to human knowledge may simply have been to take part in a modest scientific wager¹ with two other worthies² of his day: Robert Hooke, who is perhaps best remembered now as the first person to describe a cell, and the great and stately Sir Christopher Wren³, who was actually an astronomer⁴ first and architect second, though that is not often generally remembered now.

然而，尽管他取得了这么多的成就，但他对人类知识的最大贡献也许只在于他参加了一次科学上的打赌。赌注不大，对方是那个时代的另外两位杰出人物。一位是罗伯特·胡克，人们现在记得最清楚的兴许是他描述了细胞；另一位是伟大而又威严的克里斯托弗·雷恩爵士，他起先其实是一位天文学家，后来还当过建筑师，虽然这一点人们现在往往不大记得。

In 1683, Halley, Hooke, and Wren were dining in London when the conversation turned to the motions of celestial⁵ objects. It was known that planets were inclined to orbit in a particular kind of oval known as an ellipse—"a very specific and precise curve," to quote Richard Feynman—but it wasn't understood why. Wren generously offered a prize worth forty shillings (equivalent to a couple of weeks' pay) to whichever of the men could provide a solution.

1683年，哈雷、胡克和雷恩在伦敦吃饭，突然间谈话内容转向天体运动。据认为，行星往往倾向于以一种特殊的卵行线即以椭圆形在轨道上运行--用理查德·费曼的话来说，"一条特殊而精确的曲线"--但不知道什么原因。雷恩慷慨地提出，要是他们中间谁能找到个答案，他愿意发给他价值40先令（相当于两个星期的工资）的奖品。

Hooke, who was well known for taking credit for ideas that weren't necessarily his own, claimed that he had solved the problem already but declined now to share it on the interesting and inventive grounds that it would rob others of the satisfaction of discovering the answer for themselves. He would instead "conceal⁶ it for some time, that others might know how to value it." If he thought any more on the matter, he left no evidence of it. Halley, however, became consumed with finding the answer, to the point that the following year he traveled to Cambridge and boldly called upon the university's Lucasian Professor of Mathematics, Isaac Newton, in the hope that he could help.

胡克以好大喜功闻名，尽管有的见解不一定是他自己的。他声称他已经解决这个问题，但现在不愿意告诉大家，他的理由有趣而巧妙，说是这么做会使别人失去自己找出答案的机会。因此，他要"把答案保密一段时间，别人因此会知道怎么珍视它"。没有迹象表明，他后来有没有再想过这件事。可是，哈雷着了迷，一定要找到这个答案，还于次年前往剑桥大学，冒昧拜访该大学的数学教授艾萨克·牛顿，希望得到他的帮助。

 

1 wager   

n.赌注；vt.押注，打赌

参考例句：

• They laid a wager on the result of the race.他们以竞赛的结果打赌。
• I made a wager that our team would win.我打赌我们的队会赢。

2 worthies   

应得某事物( worthy的名词复数 )； 值得做某事； 可尊敬的； 有（某人或事物）的典型特征

参考例句：

• The world is peopled with worthies, and workers, useful and clever. 世界上住着高尚的人，劳动的人，有用又聪明。
• The former worthies have left us a rich cultural heritage. 前贤给我们留下了丰富的文化遗产。

3 wren   

n.鹪鹩；英国皇家海军女子服务队成员

参考例句：

• A wren is a kind of short-winged songbird.鹪鹩是一种短翼的鸣禽。
• My bird guide confirmed that a Carolina wren had discovered the thickets near my house.我掌握的鸟类知识使我确信，一只卡罗莱纳州鹪鹩已经发现了我家的这个灌木丛。

4 astronomer   

n.天文学家

参考例句：

• A new star attracted the notice of the astronomer.新发现的一颗星引起了那位天文学家的注意。
• He is reputed to have been a good astronomer.他以一个优秀的天文学者闻名于世。

5 celestial   

adj.天体的；天上的

参考例句：

• The rosy light yet beamed like a celestial dawn.玫瑰色的红光依然象天上的朝霞一样绚丽。
• Gravity governs the motions of celestial bodies.万有引力控制着天体的运动。

6 conceal   

v.隐藏，隐瞒，隐蔽

参考例句：

• He had to conceal his identity to escape the police.为了躲避警方，他只好隐瞒身份。
• He could hardly conceal his joy at his departure.他几乎掩饰不住临行时的喜悦。