万物简史 第68期:事物的测定(16)

 It was history's first cooperative international scientific venture, and almost everywhere it ran into problems. Many observers were waylaid¹ by war, sickness, or shipwreck². Others made their destinations but opened their crates³ to find equipment broken or warped⁴ by tropical heat. Once again the French seemed fated to provide the most memorably⁵ unlucky participants. Jean Chappe spent months traveling to Siberia by coach, boat, and sleigh, nursing his delicate instruments over every perilous⁶ bump, only to find the last vital stretch blocked by swollen⁷ rivers, the result of unusually heavy spring rains, which the locals were swift to blame on him after they saw him pointing strange instruments at the sky. Chappe managed to escape with his life, but with no useful measurements.

这是历史上第一次国际合作的科学活动，但它几乎到处困难重重。许多观测人员遇上了战争、疾病或海难。有的抵达了目的地，但打开箱子一看，只见仪器已经破碎或被热带的灼人的阳光烤弯。法国人似乎命中注定要再一次遭遇倒霉的厄运。让·沙佩乘马车呀，乘船呀，乘雪橇呀，花了几个月才到达西伯利亚，每一颠簸都得小心护着容易损坏的仪器。最后只剩下关键的一段行程，却被一条涨水的河流挡住了去路。原来，就在他到达前不久，当地下了一场罕见的春雨。当地人马上归罪于他，因为他们看到他把古怪的仪器对准天空。沙佩设法逃得性命，但没有进行任何有意义的测量工作。

Unluckier still was Guillaume Le Gentil, whose experiences are wonderfully summarized by Timothy Ferris in Coming of Age in the Milky⁸ Way . Le Gentil set off from France a year ahead of time to observe the transit⁹ from India, but various setbacks left him still at sea on the day of the transit—just about the worst place to be since steady measurements were impossible on a pitching ship.

更倒霉的是纪晓姆·让蒂，他的经历蒂姆西·费里斯在《在银河系里成长》一书里作了精彩而简要的描述。让蒂提前一年从法国出发，打算在印度观测这次凌日现象，但遇到了种种挫折，发生凌日的那一天还在海上--这几乎是最糟糕的地方，因为测量需要保持平稳状态，而这在颠簸的船上根本无法做到。

Undaunted, Le Gentil continued on to India to await the next transit in 1769. With eight years to prepare, he erected¹⁰ a first-rate viewing station, tested and retested his instruments, and had everything in a state of perfect readiness. On the morning of the second transit, June 4, 1769, he awoke to a fine day, but, just as Venus began its pass, a cloud slid in front of the Sun and remained there for almost exactly the duration of the transit: three hours, fourteen minutes, and seven seconds.

让蒂并不气馁，继续前往印度，等待1769年的下一次凌日现象。他有8年的准备时间，因此建立了一个一流的观察站，他一次又一次测试他的仪器，把准备工作做得完美无缺。1769年6月4日是发生第二次凌日现象的日子。早晨醒来，他看到是个艳阳天；但是，正当金星从太阳表面通过的时候，一朵乌云挡住了太阳，在那里停留了3小时14分7秒的时间，等到云开雾散，金星凌日的过程已经结束了。

Stoically, Le Gentil packed up his instruments and set off for the nearest port, but en route he contracted dysentery and was laid up for nearly a year. Still weakened, he finally made it onto a ship. It was nearly wrecked¹¹ in a hurricane off the African coast. When at last he reached home, eleven and a half years after setting off, and having achieved nothing, he discovered that his relatives had had him declared dead in his absence and had enthusiastically plundered¹² his estate.

让蒂大失所望地收拾仪器，前往最近的港口，途中患了痢疾，有将近一年时间卧床不起。他不顾身体依然虚弱，最后登上了一条船。这条船在非洲近海的一次飓风中几乎失事。出门十一年半以后，他终于回到家里。他一无所获，却发现他的亲戚已经宣布他死亡，争先恐后地夺走了他的财产。

 

1 waylaid   

v.拦截，拦路( waylay的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• I got waylaid on my way here. 我在来这里的路上遭到了拦路抢劫。
• He was waylaid by thieves. 他在路上被抢了。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

2 shipwreck   

n.船舶失事，海难

参考例句：

• He walked away from the shipwreck.他船难中平安地脱险了。
• The shipwreck was a harrowing experience.那次船难是一个惨痛的经历。

3 crates   

n. 板条箱, 篓子, 旧汽车 vt. 装进纸条箱

参考例句：

• We were using crates as seats. 我们用大木箱作为座位。
• Thousands of crates compacted in a warehouse. 数以千计的板条箱堆放在仓库里。

4 warped   

adj.反常的；乖戾的；（变）弯曲的；变形的v.弄弯，变歪( warp的过去式和过去分词 )；使（行为等）不合情理，使乖戾，

参考例句：

• a warped sense of humour 畸形的幽默感
• The board has warped. 木板翘了。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

5 memorably   

难忘的

参考例句：

• The book includes some memorably seedy characters and scabrous description. 这本书包含了一些难忘下流的角色及有伤风化的描述。 来自互联网
• Horowitz could play Chopin memorably. 霍洛维茨可以把肖邦的作品演奏得出神入化。 来自互联网

6 perilous   

adj.危险的，冒险的

参考例句：

• The journey through the jungle was perilous.穿过丛林的旅行充满了危险。
• We have been carried in safety through a perilous crisis.历经一连串危机，我们如今已安然无恙。

7 swollen   

adj.肿大的，水涨的；v.使变大，肿胀

参考例句：

• Her legs had got swollen from standing up all day.因为整天站着，她的双腿已经肿了。
• A mosquito had bitten her and her arm had swollen up.蚊子叮了她，她的手臂肿起来了。

8 milky   

adj.牛奶的，多奶的；乳白色的

参考例句：

• Alexander always has milky coffee at lunchtime.亚历山大总是在午餐时喝掺奶的咖啡。
• I like a hot milky drink at bedtime.我喜欢睡前喝杯热奶饮料。

9 transit   

n.经过，运输；vt.穿越，旋转；vi.越过

参考例句：

• His luggage was lost in transit.他的行李在运送中丢失。
• The canal can transit a total of 50 ships daily.这条运河每天能通过50条船。

10 ERECTED   

adj. 直立的，竖立的，笔直的 vt. 使 ... 直立，建立

参考例句：

• A monument to him was erected in St Paul's Cathedral. 在圣保罗大教堂为他修了一座纪念碑。
• A monument was erected to the memory of that great scientist. 树立了一块纪念碑纪念那位伟大的科学家。

11 wrecked   

adj.失事的，遇难的

参考例句：

• the hulk of a wrecked ship 遇难轮船的残骸
• the salvage of the wrecked tanker 对失事油轮的打捞

12 plundered   

掠夺，抢劫( plunder的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Many of our cultural treasures have been plundered by imperialists. 我国许多珍贵文物被帝国主义掠走了。
• The imperialists plundered many valuable works of art. 帝国主义列强掠夺了许多珍贵的艺术品。