万物简史 第73期:事物的测定(21)

 Not everyone was satisfied with the results, however. The shortcoming of the Schiehallion experiment was that it was not possible to get a truly accurate figure without knowing the actual density¹ of the mountain. For convenience, Hutton had assumed that the mountain had the same density as ordinary stone, about 2.5 times that of water, but this was little more than an educated guess.

然而，不是人人都对结果感到很满意。斯希哈林山实验的不足之处在于，你不知道该山的真正密度，因此不可能得出一个真正确切的数字。为了方便起见，赫顿假设这座山的密度与普通石头相等，即大约是水的密度的2.5倍，但这不过是根据经验所作的估计。

One improbable-seeming person who turned his mind to the matter was a country parson named John Michell, who resided in the lonely Yorkshire village of Thornhill. Despite his remote and comparatively humble² situation, Michell was one of the great scientific thinkers of the eighteenth century and much esteemed³ for it.

有一个人把注意力转向这个问题。他是个乡下牧师，名叫约翰·米歇尔，家住约克郡人迹稀少的桑希尔村。尽管环境偏僻而简陋，米歇尔却是18世纪一位伟大的科学思想家，深受人们的尊敬。

Among a great deal else, he perceived the wavelike nature of earthquakes, conducted much original research into magnetism⁴ and gravity, and, quite extraordinarily⁵, envisioned the possibility of black holes two hundred years before anyone else—a leap of intuitive deduction⁶ that not even Newton could make. When the German-born musician William Herschel decided⁷ his real interest in life was astronomy, it was Michell to whom he turned for instruction in making telescopes, a kindness for which planetary science has been in his debt ever since.

尤其是，他认识到地震的波动性质，对磁场和引力进行了大量创造性的研究，比任何人都早200年设想过黑洞的存在，这是相当了不起的--连牛顿都跨不出这么一大步。当德国出生的音乐家威廉·赫歇尔认为自己生活中的真正兴趣是天文学的时候，他就是向米歇尔讨教了天文望远镜的制作方法。自那以来，行星科学界一直对他怀有感激之情。

 

1 density   

n.密集，密度，浓度

参考例句：

• The population density of that country is 685 per square mile.那个国家的人口密度为每平方英里685人。
• The region has a very high population density.该地区的人口密度很高。

2 humble   

adj.谦卑的，恭顺的；地位低下的；v.降低，贬低

参考例句：

• In my humble opinion,he will win the election.依我拙见，他将在选举中获胜。
• Defeat and failure make people humble.挫折与失败会使人谦卑。

3 esteemed   

adj.受人尊敬的v.尊敬( esteem的过去式和过去分词 )；敬重；认为；以为

参考例句：

• The art of conversation is highly esteemed in France. 在法国十分尊重谈话技巧。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• He esteemed that he understood what I had said. 他认为已经听懂我说的意思了。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 magnetism   

n.磁性，吸引力，磁学

参考例句：

• We know about magnetism by the way magnets act.我们通过磁铁的作用知道磁性是怎么一回事。
• His success showed his magnetism of courage and devotion.他的成功表现了他的胆量和热诚的魅力。

5 extraordinarily   

adv.格外地；极端地

参考例句：

• She is an extraordinarily beautiful girl.她是个美丽非凡的姑娘。
• The sea was extraordinarily calm that morning.那天清晨，大海出奇地宁静。

6 deduction   

n.减除，扣除，减除额；推论，推理，演绎

参考例句：

• No deduction in pay is made for absence due to illness.因病请假不扣工资。
• His deduction led him to the correct conclusion.他的推断使他得出正确的结论。

7 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。