万物简史 第83期:敲石头的人们(5)

 In 1785, Hutton worked his ideas up into a long paper, which was read at consecutive¹ meetings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. It attracted almost no notice at all. It's not hard to see why. Here, in part, is how he presented it to his audience:

1785年，赫顿把他的看法写成一篇很长的论文，并在爱丁堡皇家学会的几次会议上宣读。它几乎没有引起大家的注意。原因不难找到。一定程度上，他就是这样向听众宣读论文的：

In the one case, the forming cause is in the body which is separated; for, after the body has been actuated by heat, it is by the reaction of the proper matter of the body, that the chasm² which constitutes the vein³ is formed. In the other case, again, the cause is extrinsic⁴ in relation to the body in which the chasm is formed. There has been the most violent fracture and divulsion; but the cause is still to seek; and it appears not in the vein; for it is not every fracture and dislocation of the solid body of our earth, in which minerals, or the proper substances of mineral veins⁵, are found.

在一种情况下，形成的力量在独立存在的物体内部。这是因为，这个物体被热激活以后，是通过物体的特有物质的反应，形成了构成脉络的裂口。在另一种情况下，还是一样，相对于在其内部形成脉络的物体来说，原因是外在的。已经发生了最猛烈的断裂和扯裂；但是那个原因还在努力；它不是出现在脉络里，因为它不是在我们地球坚实的物体内部--那里找得到矿物或矿脉的特定物质--的每条缝隙和每个断层里。

Needless to say, almost no one in the audience had the faintest idea what he was talking about. Encouraged by his friends to expand his theory, in the touching⁶ hope that he might somehow stumble onto clarity in a more expansive format⁷, Hutton spent the next ten years preparing his magnum opus, which was published in two volumes in 1795.

不用说，听众里几乎谁也不懂他在说些什么。朋友们鼓励他把他的理论展开一下，希望他能在更大的篇幅里碰巧讲得清楚一点。这是很感人的。赫顿花了此后的10年时间准备他的巨著，并且于1795年以两卷本出版。

Together the two books ran to nearly a thousand pages and were, remarkably⁸, worse than even his most pessimistic friends had feared. Apart from anything else, nearly half the

completed work now consisted of quotations⁹ from French sources, still in the original French. A third volume was so unenticing that it wasn't published until 1899, more than a century after Hutton's death, and the fourth and concluding volume was never published at all. Hutton's Theory of the Earth is a strong candidate for the least read important book in science (or at least would be if there weren't so many others). Even Charles Lyell, the greatest geologist¹⁰ of the following century and a man who read everything, admitted he couldn't get through it.

这两本书加起来有将近1000页，写得比他最悲观的朋友担心的还要糟糕，真是不可思议。此外，这部作品的内容将近一半引自法国的资料，仍然以法文的形式出现。第三卷非常缺少吸引力，直到1899年才出版，那是在赫顿去世一个多世纪以后。第四卷即最后一卷根本没有出版。赫顿的《地球论》很有资格当选为读者最少的重要科学著作（要是没有大量别的这样的书的话，那就可以这样说）。连19世纪最伟大的地质学家、什么书都看过的查尔斯?莱尔也承认，这本书他实在读不下去。

1 consecutive   

adj.连续的，联贯的，始终一贯的

参考例句：

• It has rained for four consecutive days.已连续下了四天雨。
• The policy of our Party is consecutive.我党的政策始终如一。

2 chasm   

n.深坑，断层，裂口，大分岐，利害冲突

参考例句：

• There's a chasm between rich and poor in that society.那社会中存在着贫富差距。
• A huge chasm gaped before them.他们面前有个巨大的裂痕。

3 vein   

n.血管，静脉；叶脉，纹理；情绪；vt.使成脉络

参考例句：

• The girl is not in the vein for singing today.那女孩今天没有心情唱歌。
• The doctor injects glucose into the patient's vein.医生把葡萄糖注射入病人的静脉。

4 extrinsic   

adj.外部的；不紧要的

参考例句：

• Nowadays there are more extrinsic pressures to get married.现在来自外部的结婚压力多了。
• The question is extrinsic to our discussion.这个问题和我们的讨论无关。

5 veins   

n.纹理；矿脉( vein的名词复数 )；静脉；叶脉；纹理

参考例句：

• The blood flows from the capillaries back into the veins. 血从毛细血管流回静脉。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• I felt a pleasant glow in all my veins from the wine. 喝过酒后我浑身的血都热烘烘的，感到很舒服。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 touching   

adj.动人的，使人感伤的

参考例句：

• It was a touching sight.这是一幅动人的景象。
• His letter was touching.他的信很感人。

7 format   

n.设计，版式；[计算机]格式，DOS命令:格式化(磁盘)，用于空盘或使用过的磁盘建立新空盘来存储数据；v.使格式化，设计，安排

参考例句：

• Please format this floppy disc.请将这张软盘格式化。
• The format of the figure is very tasteful.该图表的格式很雅致。

8 remarkably   

ad.不同寻常地，相当地

参考例句：

• I thought she was remarkably restrained in the circumstances. 我认为她在那种情况下非常克制。
• He made a remarkably swift recovery. 他康复得相当快。

9 quotations   

n.引用( quotation的名词复数 )；[商业]行情（报告）；（货物或股票的）市价；时价

参考例句：

• The insurance company requires three quotations for repairs to the car. 保险公司要修理这辆汽车的三家修理厂的报价单。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• These quotations cannot readily be traced to their sources. 这些引语很难查出出自何处。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

10 geologist   

n.地质学家

参考例句：

• The geologist found many uncovered fossils in the valley.在那山谷里，地质学家发现了许多裸露的化石。
• He was a geologist,rated by his cronies as the best in the business.他是一位地质学家，被他的老朋友们看做是这门行当中最好的一位。