万物简史 第108期:势不两立的科学(9)

 By this time, however, paleontological momentum¹ had moved to England. In 1812, at Lyme Regis on the Dorset coast, an extraordinary child named Mary Anning—aged eleven, twelve, or thirteen, depending on whose account you read—found a strange fossilized sea monster, seventeen feet long and now known as the ichthyosaurus, embedded² in the steep and dangerous cliffs along the English Channel.

然而，到这个时候，古生物研究的热潮已经移到英国。1812年，在多塞特郡的莱姆里吉斯，有个名叫玛丽?安宁的杰出小女孩——当时只有11岁、12岁或13岁，取决于你看的是谁写的故事——发现一块5米长、样子古怪的海生动物化石，嵌在英吉利海峡岸边一处陡峭而又危险的悬崖上。这类动物现在叫做鱼龙。

It was the start of a remarkable³ career. Anning would spend the next thirty-five years gathering⁴ fossils, which she sold to visitors. (She is commonly held to be the source for the famous tongue twister "She sells seashells on the seashore.") She would also find the first plesiosaurus, another marine⁵ monster, and one of the first and best pterodactyls. Though none of these was technically⁶ a dinosaur⁷, that wasn't terribly relevant at the time since nobody then knew what a dinosaur was. It was enough to realize that the world had once held creatures strikingly unlike anything we might now find.

安宁就这样开始了她不同凡响的一生。在之后的35年里，安宁采集化石，并把它们卖给游客。（人们普遍认为，她就是那首著名的绕口令《她在海边卖贝壳》的原始素材。）她还发现了第一块蛇颈龙（另一种海生动物）化石以及第一批最好的翼手龙化石中的一块。严格来说，这些都不是恐龙，但也没有多大关系，因为当时谁也不知道什么是恐龙。只要知道世界上生活过跟我们现在所能看到的完全不同的动物，这也就够了。

It wasn't simply that Anning was good at spotting fossils—though she was unrivalled at that—but that she could extract them with the greatest delicacy⁸ and without damage. If you ever have the chance to visit the hall of ancient marine reptiles⁹ at the Natural History Museum in London, I urge you to take it for there is no other way to appreciate the scale and beauty of what this young woman achieved working virtually unaided with the most basic tools in nearly impossible conditions. The plesiosaur alone took her ten years of patient excavation¹⁰. Although untrained, Anning was also able to provide competent drawings and descriptions for scholars. But even with the advantage of her skills, significant finds were rare and she passed most of her life in poverty.

安宁不仅善于发现化石——显然她在这方面是无与伦比的——而且能小心翼翼地、完好无损地把化石挖出来。要是你有机会去参观伦敦自然史博物馆的古代海生爬行动物馆，我劝你不要错过这个机会。只有在这里，你才能欣赏到这位年轻女子使用最简单的工具，在极其困难的条件下，实际上是在孤立无援的情况下，所取得的巨大而又出色的成就。光挖那块蛇颈龙化石她就耐心地花了10年时间。安宁没有受过训练，但她也能为学者们提供像模像样的图片和说明。但是，尽管她具有这等技能，重大的发现毕竟是不多的，因此她一生的大部分时间是在极度贫困中度过的。

1 momentum   

n.动力，冲力，势头；动量

参考例句：

• We exploit the energy and momentum conservation laws in this way.我们就是这样利用能量和动量守恒定律的。
• The law of momentum conservation could supplant Newton's third law.动量守恒定律可以取代牛顿第三定律。

2 embedded   

a.扎牢的

参考例句：

• an operation to remove glass that was embedded in his leg 取出扎入他腿部玻璃的手术
• He has embedded his name in the minds of millions of people. 他的名字铭刻在数百万人民心中。

3 remarkable   

adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的

参考例句：

• She has made remarkable headway in her writing skills.她在写作技巧方面有了长足进步。
• These cars are remarkable for the quietness of their engines.这些汽车因发动机没有噪音而不同凡响。

4 gathering   

n.集会，聚会，聚集

参考例句：

• He called on Mr. White to speak at the gathering.他请怀特先生在集会上讲话。
• He is on the wing gathering material for his novels.他正忙于为他的小说收集资料。

5 marine   

adj.海的；海生的；航海的；海事的；n.水兵

参考例句：

• Marine creatures are those which live in the sea. 海洋生物是生存在海里的生物。
• When the war broke out,he volunteered for the Marine Corps.战争爆发时，他自愿参加了海军陆战队。

6 technically   

adv.专门地，技术上地

参考例句：

• Technically it is the most advanced equipment ever.从技术上说，这是最先进的设备。
• The tomato is technically a fruit,although it is eaten as a vegetable.严格地说，西红柿是一种水果，尽管它是当作蔬菜吃的。

7 dinosaur   

n.恐龙

参考例句：

• Are you trying to tell me that David was attacked by a dinosaur?你是想要告诉我大卫被一支恐龙所攻击？
• He stared at the faithful miniature of the dinosaur.他凝视著精确的恐龙缩小模型。

8 delicacy   

n.精致，细微，微妙，精良；美味，佳肴

参考例句：

• We admired the delicacy of the craftsmanship.我们佩服工艺师精巧的手艺。
• He sensed the delicacy of the situation.他感觉到了形势的微妙。

9 reptiles   

n.爬行动物，爬虫( reptile的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Snakes and crocodiles are both reptiles. 蛇和鳄鱼都是爬行动物。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Birds, reptiles and insects come from eggs. 鸟类、爬虫及昆虫是卵生的。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

10 excavation   

n.挖掘，发掘；被挖掘之地

参考例句：

• The bad weather has hung up the work of excavation.天气不好耽误了挖掘工作。
• The excavation exposed some ancient ruins.这次挖掘暴露出一些古遗迹。