万物简史 第140期:基本物质(12)

 　　Soon after taking up his position, Davy began to bang out new elements one after another—potassium, sodium¹,magnesium, calcium², strontium, and aluminum³ or aluminium⁴, depending on which branch of English you favor.

　　上任不久，戴维开始宣布发现一种又一种新的元素：钾、钠、锰、钙、锶和铝。

　　The confusion over the aluminum/aluminium spelling arose because of some uncharacteristic indecisiveness on Davy's part. When he first isolated⁵ the element in 1808, he called it alumium. For some reason he thought better of that and changed it to aluminum four years later. Americans dutifully adopted the new term, but manyBritish users disliked aluminum, pointing out that it disrupted the -ium pattern established by sodium, calcium, and strontium, so they added a vowel⁶ and syllable⁷.

　　对aluminum/aluminium的拼写产生混淆的原因是因为戴维犹豫不决。当他在1808年首次分离此元素时，称其为alumium。四年后，出于某些原因，他觉得把它的名字改成aluminum更好。美国人则完完全全地接受了这个新术语，但很多英国使用者却不喜欢aluminum这个名字，指出其破坏了由sodium, calcium, and strontium建立起的-ium的形式，因此他们在aluminum的基础上加了一个元音和一个音节。

　　铝棒

　　He discovered so many elements not so much because he was serially⁸ astute⁹ as because he developed an ingenious technique of applying electricity to a molten substance—electrolysis, as it is known. Altogether he discovered a dozen elements, a fifth of the known total of his day. Davy might have done far more, but unfortunately as a young man he developed an abiding¹⁰ attachment¹¹ to the buoyant pleasures of nitrous oxide¹². He grew soattached to the gas that he drew on it (literally) three or four times a day. Eventually, in 1829, it is thought to have killed him.

　　他发现那么多种元素，与其说是因为他搞清了元素的排列，不如说是因为他发明了一项巧妙的技术：把电流通过一种熔融状态的物质——就是现在所谓的电解。他总共发现了12种元素，占他那个时代已知总数的五分之一。戴维本来会作出更大的成绩，但不幸的是，他是个年轻人，渐渐沉迷于一氧化二氮所带来的那种心旷神怡的乐趣。他简直离不开那种气体，一天要吸入三四次。最后，在1829年，据认为就是这种气体断送了他的性命。

1 sodium   

n.（化）钠

参考例句：

• Out over the town the sodium lights were lit.在外面，全城的钠光灯都亮了。
• Common salt is a compound of sodium and chlorine.食盐是钠和氯的复合物。

2 calcium   

n.钙(化学符号Ca)

参考例句：

• We need calcium to make bones.我们需要钙来壮骨。
• Calcium is found most abundantly in milk.奶含钙最丰富。

3 aluminum   

n.(aluminium)铝

参考例句：

• The aluminum sheets cannot be too much thicker than 0.04 inches.铝板厚度不能超过0.04英寸。
• During the launch phase,it would ride in a protective aluminum shell.在发射阶段，它盛在一只保护的铝壳里。

4 aluminium   

n.铝 (=aluminum)

参考例句：

• Aluminium looks heavy but actually it is very light.铝看起来很重，实际上却很轻。
• If necessary, we can use aluminium instead of steel.如果必要，我们可用铝代钢。

5 isolated   

adj.与世隔绝的

参考例句：

• His bad behaviour was just an isolated incident. 他的不良行为只是个别事件。
• Patients with the disease should be isolated. 这种病的患者应予以隔离。

6 vowel   

n.元音；元音字母

参考例句：

• A long vowel is a long sound as in the word"shoe ".长元音即如“shoe” 一词中的长音。
• The vowel in words like 'my' and 'thigh' is not very difficult.单词my和thigh中的元音并不难发。

7 syllable   

n.音节；vt.分音节

参考例句：

• You put too much emphasis on the last syllable.你把最后一个音节读得太重。
• The stress on the last syllable is light.最后一个音节是轻音节。

8 serially   

adv.连续地，连续刊载地

参考例句：

• A method of device interconnection for determining interruptpriority by connecting the interrupt sources serially. 设备互连的一种方式，通过与中断源串连的顺序确定设备的中断优先级。 来自辞典例句
• BATCH PROCESSING:Execution of programs serially with no interactive processing. 批处理：程序执行是连续的，无交互式处理。 来自互联网

9 astute   

adj.机敏的，精明的

参考例句：

• A good leader must be an astute judge of ability.一个优秀的领导人必须善于识别人的能力。
• The criminal was very astute and well matched the detective in intelligence.这个罪犯非常狡猾，足以对付侦探的机智。

10 abiding   

adj.永久的，持久的，不变的

参考例句：

• He had an abiding love of the English countryside.他永远热爱英国的乡村。
• He has a genuine and abiding love of the craft.他对这门手艺有着真挚持久的热爱。

11 attachment   

n.附属物，附件；依恋；依附

参考例句：

• She has a great attachment to her sister.她十分依恋她的姐姐。
• She's on attachment to the Ministry of Defense.她现在隶属于国防部。

12 oxide   

n.氧化物

参考例句：

• Oxide is usually seen in our daily life.在我们的日常生活中氧化物很常见。
• How can you get rid of this oxide coating?你们该怎样除去这些氧化皮？