万物简史第164期:爱因斯坦的宇宙(7)

 　　Michelson talked Alexander Graham Bell, newly enriched inventor of the telephone, into providing the funds to build an ingenious and sensitive instrument of Michelson's own devising called an interferometer, which could measure the velocity¹ of light with great precision.

　　迈克尔逊说服电话的发明者、刚刚发了财的亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔提供资金，制造了一台迈克尔逊自己设计的巧妙而灵敏的仪器，名叫干涉仪，用来非常精确地测定光的速度。

　　Then, assisted by the genial² but shadowy Morley, Michelson embarked³ on years of fastidious measurements. The work was delicate and exhausting, and had to be suspended for a time to permit Michelson a brief but comprehensive nervous breakdown⁴, but by 1887 they had their results. They were not at all what the two scientists had expected to find.

　　接着，在和蔼而又神秘的莫雷的协助下，迈克尔逊进行了几年的精心测量。这是一件非常细致而又很花力气的活儿，迈克尔逊的精神一下子完全垮了，工作不得不中断了一段时间。但是，到1887年，他们有了结果。而且，这个结果完全出乎这两位科学家的意料。

　　物理学

　　As Caltech astrophysicist Kip S. Thorne has written: "The speed of light turned out to be the same in all directions and at all seasons."It was the first hint in two hundred years—in exactly two hundred years, in fact—that Newton’s laws might not apply all the time everywhere. The Michelson-Morley outcome became, in the words of William H. Cropper, "probably the most famous negative result in the history of physics." Michelson was awarded Nobel Prize in physics for the work—the first American so honored—but not for twenty years. Meanwhile, the Michelson-Morley experiments would hover⁵ unpleasantly, like a musty smell, in the background of scientific thought.

　　加州理工大学天体物理学家基普·S.索恩写道：“结果证明，光的速度在各个方向、各个季节都是一样的。”这是200年来——实际上恰好是200年——出现的第一个迹象，说明牛顿定律也许不是在任何时候、任何地方都适用的。用威廉·H.克罗珀的话来说，迈克尔逊-莫雷结果成为“很可能是物理学史上最负面的结果”。为此，迈克尔逊获得了诺贝尔物理学奖——从而成为获此殊荣的第一位美国人——但要过20年之后。与此同时，迈克尔逊-莫雷实验像一股霉味那样令人不快地浮动在科学家的脑海深处。

1 velocity   

n.速度，速率

参考例句：

• Einstein's theory links energy with mass and velocity of light.爱因斯坦的理论把能量同质量和光速联系起来。
• The velocity of light is about 300000 kilometres per second.光速约为每秒300000公里。

2 genial   

adj.亲切的，和蔼的，愉快的，脾气好的

参考例句：

• Orlando is a genial man.奥兰多是一位和蔼可亲的人。
• He was a warm-hearted friend and genial host.他是个热心的朋友，也是友善待客的主人。

3 embarked   

乘船( embark的过去式和过去分词 )； 装载； 从事

参考例句：

• We stood on the pier and watched as they embarked. 我们站在突码头上目送他们登船。
• She embarked on a discourse about the town's origins. 她开始讲本市的起源。

4 breakdown   

n.垮，衰竭；损坏，故障，倒塌

参考例句：

• She suffered a nervous breakdown.她患神经衰弱。
• The plane had a breakdown in the air,but it was fortunately removed by the ace pilot.飞机在空中发生了故障，但幸运的是被王牌驾驶员排除了。

5 hover   

vi.翱翔，盘旋；徘徊；彷徨，犹豫

参考例句：

• You don't hover round the table.你不要围着桌子走来走去。
• A plane is hover on our house.有一架飞机在我们的房子上盘旋。